{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:49:15Z","timestamp":1790290155541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione per la Ricerca sulla Fibrosi Cistica ONLUS","award":["FFC#18\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#18\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Achromobacter spp. lung infection in cystic fibrosis has been associated with inflammation, increased frequency of exacerbations, and decline of respiratory function. We aimed to evaluate in vivo the inflammatory effects of clinical isolates exhibiting different pathogenic characteristics. Eight clinical isolates were selected based on different pathogenic characteristics previously assessed: virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae, cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells, and biofilm formation. Acute lung infection was established by intratracheal instillation with 10.5 \u00d7 108 bacterial cells in wild-type and CFTR-knockout (KO) mice expressing a luciferase gene under control of interleukin-8 promoter. Lung inflammation was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging up to 48 h after infection, and mortality was recorded up to 96 h. Lung bacterial load was evaluated by CFU count. Virulent isolates caused higher lung inflammation and mice mortality, especially in KO animals. Isolates both virulent and cytotoxic showed higher persistence in mice lungs, while biofilm formation was not associated with lung inflammation, mice mortality, or bacterial persistence. A positive correlation between virulence and lung inflammation was observed. These results indicate that Achromobacter spp. pathogenic characteristics such as virulence and cytotoxicity may be associated with clinically relevant effects and highlight the importance of elucidating their mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T05:18:13Z","timestamp":1681795093000},"page":"7432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vivo Inflammation Caused by Achromobacter spp. Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Isolates Exhibiting Different Pathogenic Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5107-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Sandri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"Saitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0413-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Veschetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMLab, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9623-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Boschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Passarelli Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5276-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Melotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Signoretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Boaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8705-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Malerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMLab, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Lle\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"500","article-title":"CFTR Modulators for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Pettit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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