{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:02:35Z","timestamp":1792519355980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2017K1A1A2004511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017K1A1A2004511"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2021R1A2B5B03086265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2B5B03086265"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017K1A1A2004511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017K1A1A2004511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2B5B03086265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2B5B03086265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant fraction of couples around the world suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a disease defined by the characteristics of enhanced androgen synthesis in ovarian theca cells, hyperandrogenemia, and ovarian dysfunction in women. Most of the clinically observable symptoms and altered blood biomarker levels in the patients indicate metabolic dysregulation and adaptive changes as the key underlying mechanisms. Since the liver is the metabolic hub of the body and is involved in steroid-hormonal detoxification, pathological changes in the liver may contribute to female endocrine disruption, potentially through the liver-to-ovary axis. Of particular interest are hyperglycemic challenges and the consequent changes in liver-secretory protein(s) and insulin sensitivity affecting the maturation of ovarian follicles, potentially leading to female infertility. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into emerging metabolic mechanisms underlying PCOS as the primary culprit, which promote its incidence and aggravation. Additionally, this review aims to summarize medications and new potential therapeutic approaches for the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:39:05Z","timestamp":1681868345000},"page":"7454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Dysregulated Liver Metabolism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sohaib","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Medical College, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Geon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Taylor, H.S., Pal, L., and Seli, E. 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