{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:47:53Z","timestamp":1784288873520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":314,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic liver disease (CLD), including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), affects a significant portion of the population worldwide. NAFLD is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver, while NASH is associated with inflammation and liver damage. Osteosarcopenia, which combines muscle and bone mass loss, is an emerging clinical problem in chronic liver disease that is often underappreciated. The reductions in muscle and bone mass share several common pathophysiological pathways; insulin resistance and chronic systemic inflammation are the most crucial predisposing factors and are related to the presence and gravity of NAFLD and to the worsening of the outcome of liver disease. This article explores the relationship between osteosarcopenia and NAFLD\/MAFLD, focusing on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this condition in patients with CLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T03:25:11Z","timestamp":1681961111000},"page":"7517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Osteosarcopenia in NAFLD\/MAFLD: An Underappreciated Clinical Problem in Chronic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Musio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Perazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Stefanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elton","family":"Dajti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Petroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8384-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Colecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1142-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ravaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12048","article-title":"SARC-F: A Symptom Score to Predict Persons with Sarcopenia at Risk for Poor Functional Outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Malmstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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