{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:43:43Z","timestamp":1785876223834,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP\/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1682046108000},"page":"7617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9290-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Campolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Assenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Anna","family":"Venneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04576.x","article-title":"Novel roles of cAMP\/cGMP-dependent signaling in platelets","volume":"10","author":"Smolenski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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