{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:27:50Z","timestamp":1781648870772,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-03-2023-642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-03-2023-642"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sustained interest in the use of renewable resources for the production of medical materials has stimulated research on bacterial cellulose (BC) and nanocomposites based on it. New Ag-containing nanocomposites were obtained by modifying various forms of BC with Ag nanoparticles prepared by metal\u2013vapor synthesis (MVS). Bacterial cellulose was obtained in the form of films (BCF) and spherical BC beads (SBCB) by the Gluconacetobacter hansenii GH-1\/2008 strain under static and dynamic conditions. The Ag nanoparticles synthesized in 2-propanol were incorporated into the polymer matrix using metal-containing organosol. MVS is based on the interaction of extremely reactive atomic metals formed by evaporation in vacuum at a pressure of 10\u22122 Pa with organic substances during their co-condensation on the cooled walls of a reaction vessel. The composition, structure, and electronic state of the metal in the materials were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Since antimicrobial activity is largely determined by the surface composition, much attention was paid to studying its properties by XPS, a surface-sensitive method, at a sampling depth about 10 nm. C 1s and O 1s spectra were analyzed self-consistently. XPS C 1s spectra of the original and Ag-containing celluloses showed an increase in the intensity of the C-C\/C-H groups in the latter, which are associated with carbon shell surrounding metal in Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The size effect observed in Ag 3d spectra evidenced on a large proportion of silver nanoparticles with a size of less than 3 nm in the near-surface region. Ag NPs in the BC films and spherical beads were mainly in the zerovalent state. BC-based nanocomposites with Ag nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungi. It was found that AgNPs\/SBCB nanocomposites are more active than Ag NPs\/BCF samples, especially against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungi. These results increase the possibility of their medical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T10:11:25Z","timestamp":1682071885000},"page":"7667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hybrid Silver-Containing Materials Based on Various Forms of Bacterial Cellulose: Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Vasil\u2019kov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1741-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Butenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"G.F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5696-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Naumkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6264-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Voronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Buzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4347-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Shtykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC \u201cCrystallography and Photonics\u201d RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Volkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC \u201cCrystallography and Photonics\u201d RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Sadykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605374","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.605374","article-title":"Industrial-Scale Production and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. 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