{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:00:27Z","timestamp":1783476027185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin involved in inflammation and lung fibrosis and postulated to enhance thrombosis. In COVID-19, it is considered to be a prognostic marker of severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether galectin-3 is associated with thrombogenicity in COVID-19. Patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (COVpos; n = 55) and patients with acute respiratory diseases, but without COVID-19 (COVneg; n = 35), were included in the study. We measured the amount of galectin-3, as well as other platelet and coagulation markers, and correlated galectin-3 levels with these markers of thrombogenicity and with the SOFA Score values. We found that galectin-3 levels, as well as von Willebrand Factor (vWF), antithrombin and tissue plasminogen activator levels, were higher in the COVpos than they were in the COVneg cohort. Galectin-3 correlated positively with vWF, antithrombin and D-dimer in the COVpos cohort, but not in the COVneg cohort. Moreover, galactin-3 correlated also with clinical disease severity, as measured by the SOFA Score. In patients with acute respiratory diseases, galectin-3 can be considered as a marker not only for disease severity, but also for increased hypercoagulability. Whether galectin-3 might be a useful therapeutic target in COVID-19 needs to be assessed in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:38:07Z","timestamp":1682307487000},"page":"7683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Galectin-3 as a Marker for Increased Thrombogenicity in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Puccini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Jakobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leander","family":"Reinshagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Friebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp-Alexander","family":"Schencke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ghanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Landmesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Haghikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolle","family":"Kr\u00e4nkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, February 22). 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