{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:38:33Z","timestamp":1784695113827,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":430,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and associated conditions are an important problem in modern medicine. The onset of IDD may be in childhood and adolescence in patients with a genetic predisposition. With age, IDD progresses, leading to spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, herniated disc, spinal canal stenosis. One of the leading mechanisms in the development of IDD and chronic back pain is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, classical therapeutic strategies for correcting cytokine imbalance in IDD do not give the expected response in more than half of the cases. The purpose of this review is to update knowledge about new and promising therapeutic strategies based on the correction of the molecular mechanisms of cytokine imbalance in patients with IDD. This review demonstrates that knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be a new key to finding more effective drugs for the treatment of IDD in the setting of acute and chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:38:07Z","timestamp":1682307487000},"page":"7692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Basic of Pharmacotherapy of Cytokine Imbalance as a Component of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2840-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Shnayder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. 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Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim A.","family":"Novitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina M.","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shared Core Facilities \u201cMolecular and Cell Technologies\u201d, V.F. 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Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Byvaltsev, V.A., Belykh, E.G., Stepanov, I.A., Giers, M., and Preul, M.C. (2015). Cytokine mechanisms of degenetation of intervertebral disc. Sib. Med. J. 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