{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:33:21Z","timestamp":1787765601889,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Oman (TRC)","award":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. (TRC#137)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. 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(TRC#137)"]}]},{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University","award":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"]}]},{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University","award":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"]}]},{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University","award":["PJT-156221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-156221"]}]},{"name":"College of Science","award":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. (TRC#137)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. (TRC#137)"]}]},{"name":"College of Science","award":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"]}]},{"name":"College of Science","award":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"]}]},{"name":"College of Science","award":["PJT-156221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-156221"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. (TRC#137)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORG\/HSS\/14\/006. (TRC#137)"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU# RC\/SCI\/BIOL\/15\/02"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQU # IG\/SCI\/BIOL\/18\/03"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["PJT-156221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-156221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains a leading cause of female mortality. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a glycoprotein receptor that plays ligand-dependent roles in BC. Clinical studies indicate its correlation with metastatic disease; however, its functional role in BC metastasis remains uncertain. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout the NRP-1 gene in MDA-MB-231 BC cells, and the effects on metastasis were determined using an orthotopic mouse engraftment model. NRP-1 expression in knockout cells was rescued using a recombinant cDNA with a silent mutation in the sgRNA target-adjacent PAM sequence. Differentially expressed genes between NRP-1 knockout and control cells were determined using whole-transcriptome sequencing and validated using real-time PCR. NRP-1KO cells showed a pronounced reduction in the metastasis to the lungs. KEGG pathway analysis of the transcriptome data revealed that PI3K and ECM receptor interactions were among the top altered pathways in the NRP-1KO cells. In addition, reduction in metastasis enhancers proteins, Integrin-\u03b23 and Tenascin-C, and genes CCL20 and FN1 and upregulation of metastasis suppressor genes, ACVRL and GPX3 in NRP-1KO were detected. These findings provide evidence for a functional role for NRP-1 in BC metastasis, supporting further exploration of NRP-1 and the identified genes as targets in treating metastatic BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1682388395000},"page":"7792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuropilin-1 Knockout and Rescue Confirms Its Role to Promote Metastasis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noura","family":"Al-Zeheimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirin A.","family":"Adham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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