{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:27:34Z","timestamp":1788362854307,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Aging, NIH, USA","award":["AG051510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG051510"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging, NIH, USA","award":["BX005642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005642"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veteran\u2019s Administration, USA","award":["AG051510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG051510"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veteran\u2019s Administration, USA","award":["BX005642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005642"]}]},{"name":"InMotions","award":["AG051510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG051510"]}]},{"name":"InMotions","award":["BX005642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005642"]}]},{"name":"Meisel Family","award":["AG051510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG051510"]}]},{"name":"Meisel Family","award":["BX005642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005642"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia, an illness condition usually characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or function, is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), a common type of dementia, leading to memory loss and other cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms for their associations and relationships are less well understood. The App, a Mendelian gene for early-onset AD, encodes amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane protein enriched at both the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, in this review, we highlight APP and its family members\u2019 physiological functions and Swedish mutant APP (APPswe)\u2019s pathological roles in muscles and NMJ. Understanding APP\u2019s pathophysiological functions in muscles and NMJ is likely to uncover insights not only into neuromuscular diseases but also AD. We summarize key findings from the burgeoning literature, which may open new avenues to investigate the link between muscle cells and brain cells in the development and progression of AD and sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T04:27:02Z","timestamp":1682396822000},"page":"7809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["APP in the Neuromuscular Junction for the Development of Sarcopenia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Min-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daehoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northeast Ohio VA Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-7598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northeast Ohio VA Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"Baeyens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05975-3","article-title":"Phase angle, muscle mass, and functionality in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Cabral","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. 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