{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:28:24Z","timestamp":1792805304483,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK129194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK129194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK129194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK129194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kochi Medical School Hospital President\u2019s Discretionary","award":["R01DK129194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK129194"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013rvtk45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kochi Medical School Hospital President\u2019s Discretionary","award":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-1-0403"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013rvtk45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article provides a synopsis of current progress made in fundamental studies of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sacral level. Animal models of SCI allowed us to examine the effects of SCI on the micturition control and the underlying neurophysiological processes of SCI-induced LUTD. Urine storage and elimination are the two primary functions of the LUT, which are governed by complicated regulatory mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous systems. These neural systems control the action of two functional units in the LUT: the urinary bladder and an outlet consisting of the bladder neck, urethral sphincters, and pelvic-floor striated muscles. During the storage phase, the outlet is closed, and the bladder is inactive to maintain a low intravenous pressure and continence. In contrast, during the voiding phase, the outlet relaxes, and the bladder contracts to facilitate adequate urine flow and bladder emptying. SCI disrupts the normal reflex circuits that regulate co-ordinated bladder and urethral sphincter function, leading to involuntary and inefficient voiding. Following SCI, a spinal micturition reflex pathway develops to induce an overactive bladder condition following the initial areflexic phase. In addition, without proper bladder\u2013urethral-sphincter coordination after SCI, the bladder is not emptied as effectively as in the normal condition. Previous studies using animal models of SCI have shown that hyperexcitability of C-fiber bladder afferent pathways is a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism, inducing neurogenic LUTD, especially detrusor overactivity during the storage phase. SCI also induces neurogenic LUTD during the voiding phase, known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, likely due to hyperexcitability of A\u03b4-fiber bladder afferent pathways rather than C-fiber afferents. The molecular mechanisms underlying SCI-induced LUTD are multifactorial; previous studies have identified significant changes in the expression of various molecules in the peripheral organs and afferent nerves projecting to the spinal cord, including growth factors, ion channels, receptors and neurotransmitters. These findings in animal models of SCI and neurogenic LUTD should increase our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of LUTD after SCI for the future development of novel therapies for SCI patients with LUTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1682563800000},"page":"7885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4137-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamoru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joonbeom","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-901X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang Jun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Karnup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"de Groat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8070-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Neural control of the lower urinary tract","volume":"5","author":"Griffiths","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401","article-title":"The neural control of micturition","volume":"9","author":"Fowler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)52005-3","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract function following spinal cord injury","volume":"152","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"de Groat, W.C., and Yoshimura, N. (2009). Sensory Nerves, Springer. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00070-8","article-title":"Lower urinary tract dysfunction in the neurological patient: Clinical assessment and management","volume":"14","author":"Panicker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/UROS.UROS_115_22","article-title":"Clinical guidelines of patient-centered bladder management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to chronic spinal cord injury-part 1: Pathophysiology, treatment strategy, and priority","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00098","article-title":"Inflammogenesis of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"10","author":"Anwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407178-0.00006-5","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in spinal cord injury","volume":"106","author":"David","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.09.024","article-title":"Morphological changes in different populations of bladder afferent neurons detected by herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors with cell-type-specific promoters in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"364","author":"Shimizu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113937","article-title":"Slow development of bladder malfunction parallels spinal cord fiber sprouting and interneurons\u2019 loss after spinal cord transection","volume":"348","author":"Sartori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.178","article-title":"Neurotrophins as regulators of urinary bladder function","volume":"9","author":"Ochodnicky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)52007-7","article-title":"Neurochemical plasticity and the role of neurotrophic factors in bladder reflex pathways after spinal cord injury","volume":"152","author":"Vizzard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10847","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3023-06.2006","article-title":"Bladder overactivity and hyperexcitability of bladder afferent neurons after intrathecal delivery of nerve growth factor in rats","volume":"26","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keefe, K.M., Sheikh, I.S., and Smith, G.M. (2017). Targeting Neurotrophins to Specific Populations of Neurons: NGF, BDNF, and NT-3 and Their Relevance for Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030548"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64369-8","article-title":"Immunoneutralization of nerve growth factor in lumbosacral spinal cord reduces bladder hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured rats","volume":"168","author":"Seki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000088340.26588.74","article-title":"Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia by immunoneutralization of nerve growth factor in lumbosacral spinal cord in spinal cord injured rats","volume":"171","author":"Seki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23539","article-title":"The effect of neutralization of nerve growth factor (NGF) on bladder and urethral dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Wada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.05.003","article-title":"Plasticity in reflex pathways to the lower urinary tract following spinal cord injury","volume":"235","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F796","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00097.2017","article-title":"The role of capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber afferent pathways in the control of micturition in spinal-intact and spinal cord-injured mice","volume":"313","author":"Kadekawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"8","article-title":"Detrusor overactivity induced by increased levels of nerve growth factor in bladder afferent pathways in rats","volume":"22","author":"Seki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro0408","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease: The role of nerve growth factor in the pathophysiology of bladder disorders","volume":"3","author":"Steers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Decreased urinary nerve growth factor reflects prostatic volume reduction and relief of outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic enlargement treated with dutasteride","volume":"21","author":"Wada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Off. J. Jpn. Urol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66587-1","article-title":"The role of bladder afferent pathways in bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor","volume":"165","author":"Chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.01.001","article-title":"Increased nerve growth factor expression triggers bladder overactivity","volume":"5","author":"Lamb","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20394","article-title":"Spinal cord injury-induced expression of TrkA, TrkB, phosphorylated CREB, and c-Jun in rat lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia","volume":"482","author":"Qiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R295","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.1.R295","article-title":"Increased expression of spinal cord Fos protein induced by bladder stimulation after spinal cord injury","volume":"279","author":"Vizzard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086951","article-title":"Nerve growth factor-dependent hyperexcitability of capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurones in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"103","author":"Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.058","article-title":"Hyperexcitability of bladder afferent neurons associated with reduction of Kv1.4 \u03b1-subunit in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"190","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120524","article-title":"Nerve growth factor-mediated Na(+) channel plasticity of bladder afferent neurons in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"298","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00908-X","article-title":"p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia","volume":"36","author":"Ji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.03.010","article-title":"p38 MAP-kinases pathway regulation, function and role in human diseases","volume":"1773","author":"Cuenda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-28","article-title":"p38 mediates mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24170","article-title":"Role of p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in storage and voiding dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Shimizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7254","article-title":"Changes in urinary bladder neurotrophic factor mRNA and NGF protein following urinary bladder dysfunction","volume":"161","author":"Vizzard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1305","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00239.2019","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on voiding dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"317","author":"Wada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24385","article-title":"The early, long-term inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor improves voiding, and storage dysfunctions in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Wada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9857201","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9857201","article-title":"Spinal Plasticity and Behavior: BDNF-Induced Neuromodulation in Uninjured and Injured Spinal Cord","volume":"2016","author":"Garraway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.016","article-title":"Chronic Increases in Daily Neuromuscular Activity Promote Changes in Gene Expression in Small and Large Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Rat","volume":"388","author":"Paddock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10283","article-title":"Up-regulation of tyrosine kinase (Trka, Trkb) receptor expression and phosphorylation in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia after chronic spinal cord (T8-T10) injury","volume":"449","author":"Qiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0373-14.2015","article-title":"The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the development of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO)","volume":"35","author":"Frias","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R752","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00450.2015","article-title":"Characterization of bladder and external urethral activity in mice with or without spinal cord injury\u2014A comparison study with rats","volume":"310","author":"Kadekawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(03)00019-4","article-title":"Neurotrophin secretion: Current facts and future prospects","volume":"69","author":"Lessmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/UROS.UROS_31_22","article-title":"Current Knowledge and Novel Frontiers in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury: Basic Research Perspectives","volume":"33","author":"Wada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97837","article-title":"Role of proNGF\/p75 signaling in bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury","volume":"128","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23722","article-title":"Targeting p75 neurotrophin receptors ameliorates spinal cord injury-induced detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in mice","volume":"37","author":"Zabbarova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2084","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90653.2008","article-title":"Sprouting of substance P-expressing primary afferent central terminals and spinal micturition reflex NK1 receptor dependence after spinal cord injury","volume":"295","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1223","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00535.2010","article-title":"TRPA1 receptor modulation attenuates bladder overactivity induced by spinal cord injury","volume":"300","author":"Andrade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.09.005","article-title":"Rat detrusor overactivity induced by chronic spinalization can be abolished by a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist","volume":"166","author":"Charrua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.06.049","article-title":"Effects of nerve growth factor neutralization on TRP channel expression in laser-captured bladder afferent neurons in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"683","author":"Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1077","article-title":"An HSV vector system for selection of ligand-gated ion channel modulators","volume":"4","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"S145","article-title":"Gene therapy with replication-deficient herpes simplex virus vectors encoding poreless TRPV1 or protein phosphatase 1\u03b1 (PP1\u03b1) reduces detrusor overactivity in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"38","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21351","article-title":"Cellular subtype distribution and developmental regulation of TRPC channel members in the mouse dorsal root ganglion","volume":"503","author":"Elg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.12.008","article-title":"ASIC channel inhibition enhances excitotoxic neuronal death in an in vitro model of spinal cord injury","volume":"343","author":"Mazzone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.11.030","article-title":"The sensory mechanotransduction ion channel ASIC2 (acid sensitive ion channel 2) is regulated by neurotrophin availability","volume":"131","author":"McIlwrath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20078","article-title":"Mechanosensation and pain","volume":"61","author":"Lewin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5239-04.2005","article-title":"Differential responses of bladder lumbosacral and thoracolumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons to purinergic agonists, protons, and capsaicin","volume":"25","author":"Dang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11460","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11460","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of ASIC3 in sensory mechanotransduction in proprioceptors","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16816-2","article-title":"A dietary fatty acid counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization","volume":"11","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.035","article-title":"Cell-Type-Specific Splicing of Piezo2 Regulates Mechanotransduction","volume":"21","author":"Szczot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.038","article-title":"The cellular and molecular basis of direction selectivity of A\u03b4-LTMRs","volume":"159","author":"Rutlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3894","article-title":"PIEZO2 is required for mechanotransduction in human stem cell-derived touch receptors","volume":"18","author":"Wende","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152984","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152984","article-title":"Functional roles for PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in urothelial mechanotransduction and lower urinary tract interoception","volume":"6","author":"Dalghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2830-7","article-title":"PIEZO2 in sensory neurons and urothelial cells coordinates urination","volume":"588","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F26","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00622.2020","article-title":"Time-dependent progression of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury in the mouse model","volume":"321","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11189.x","article-title":"Modulation of bladder afferent signals in normal and spinal cord-injured rats by purinergic P2X3 and P2X2\/3 receptors","volume":"110","author":"Munoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.11.006","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A normalizes alterations in urothelial ATP and NO release induced by chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.12.017","article-title":"Localized inhibition of P2X7R at the spinal cord injury site improves neurogenic bladder dysfunction by decreasing urothelial P2X3R expression in rats","volume":"171","author":"Munoz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.09.002","article-title":"Receptor activated bladder and spinal ATP release in neurally intact and chronic spinal cord injured rats","volume":"50","author":"Salas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, Y.G., Seth, A., Doyle, C., Franck, D., Kim, D., Cristofaro, V., Benowitz, L.I., Tu, D.D., Estrada, C.R., and Mauney, J.R. (2015). Inosine Improves Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity following Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141492"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1159\/000493831","article-title":"Inosine\u2014A Multifunctional Treatment for Complications of Neurologic Injury","volume":"49","author":"Doyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44416","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44416","article-title":"Inosine attenuates spontaneous activity in the rat neurogenic bladder through an A(2B) pathway","volume":"7","author":"Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F454","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90315.2008","article-title":"Urotheliogenic modulation of intrinsic activity in spinal cord-transected rat bladders: Role of mucosal muscarinic receptors","volume":"295","author":"Ikeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.139","article-title":"Spontaneous contractions evoke afferent nerve firing in mouse bladders with detrusor overactivity","volume":"181","author":"McCarthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F447","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00105.2022","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, BAY 60-2770, on lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"323","author":"Gotoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0512-4","article-title":"Neurochemical plasticity of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in neurogenic detrusor overactivity after spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.110","article-title":"Prominent expression of phosphodiesterase 5 in striated muscle of the rat urethra and levator ani","volume":"184","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2003.11.006","article-title":"Oral nitric oxide donors: A new pharmacological approach to detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injured patients?","volume":"45","author":"Reitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23158","article-title":"Effects of an alpha1A\/D-adrenoceptor antagonist, naftopidil, and a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on urinary bladder remodeling in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Kadekawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000099840.09816.22","article-title":"Rectal distention inhibits bladder activity via glycinergic and GABAergic mechanisms in rats","volume":"171","author":"Miyazato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R336","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90315.2008","article-title":"Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dysynergia by GABA-receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord in spinal cord-injured rats","volume":"295","author":"Miyazato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.10.030","article-title":"GABA receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord decreases detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured rats","volume":"179","author":"Miyazato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00175-4","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of intrathecal glycine on the micturition reflex in normal and spinal cord injury rats","volume":"183","author":"Miyazato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000141579.91638.a3","article-title":"Dietary glycine inhibits bladder activity in normal rats and rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"173","author":"Miyazato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2009.5","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase reduces detrusor overactivity in spinal cord-injured rats","volume":"16","author":"Miyazato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.04.066","article-title":"Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia by herpes simplex virus vector mediated gene delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase in spinal cord injured rats","volume":"184","author":"Miyazato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13964","article-title":"Chronic spinal cord injury causes upregulation of serotonin (5-HT)(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors in lumbosacral cord motoneurons","volume":"121","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113395","article-title":"Improvement of lower urinary tract function by a selective serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, NLX-112, after chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"332","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14405","article-title":"The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT(7) receptor is up-regulated in Onuf\u2019s nucleus in rats with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"123","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.12.001","article-title":"Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates micturition reflex after spinal cord injury","volume":"285","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, S., DeFinis, J.H., Daugherty, S.L., Tang, C., Weinberger, J., and de Groat, W.C. (2021). Deciphering Spinal Endogenous Dopaminergic Mechanisms That Modulate Micturition Reflexes in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. eNeuro, 8.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0157-21.2021"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7284","article-title":"Spinal Dopaminergic Mechanisms Regulating the Micturition Reflex in Male Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"38","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F466","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00274.2004","article-title":"Elimination of rat spinal neurons expressing neurokinin 1 receptors reduces bladder overactivity and spinal c-fos expression induced by bladder irritation","volume":"288","author":"Seki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.130385","article-title":"Tachykinin NK2 receptor and functional mechanisms in human colon: Changes with indomethacin and in diverticular disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"324","author":"Burcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03887.x","article-title":"Human tachykinin NK2 receptor: A comparative study of the colon and urinary bladder","volume":"30","author":"Warner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-016-1317-4","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic evaluation of Lys(5), MeLeu(9), Nle(10)-NKA((4-10)) prokinetic effects on bladder and colon activity in acute spinal cord transected and spinally intact rats","volume":"390","author":"Kullmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.12.017","article-title":"Prokinetic effects of neurokinin-2 receptor agonists on the bladder and rectum of rats with acute spinal cord transection","volume":"819","author":"Marson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.248765","article-title":"[Lys(5),MeLeu(9),Nle(10)]-NKA((4-10)) Elicits NK2 Receptor-Mediated Micturition and Defecation, and NK1 Receptor-Mediated Emesis and Hypotension, in Conscious Dogs","volume":"366","author":"Rupniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6676","article-title":"Chronic, Twice-Daily Dosing of an NK2 Receptor Agonist [Lys(5),MeLeu(9),Nle(10)]-NKA(4-10), Produces Consistent Drug-Induced Micturition and Defecation in Chronic Spinal Rats","volume":"37","author":"Marson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01635-1","article-title":"Beta3-adrenoceptors in human detrusor muscle","volume":"59","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8063","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-18-08063.2002","article-title":"Beta-adrenoceptor agonists stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat urinary bladder urothelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Birder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20826","article-title":"Effects of CL316,243, a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, and intravesical prostaglandin E2 on the primary bladder afferent activity of the rat","volume":"29","author":"Aizawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.12.060","article-title":"Bladder afferent signaling: Recent findings","volume":"183","author":"Kanai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.10.035","article-title":"Effects of nitric oxide on the primary bladder afferent activities of the rat with and without intravesical acrolein treatment","volume":"59","author":"Aizawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14658","article-title":"\u03b23-Adrenoceptors in the normal and diseased urinary bladder-What are the open questions?","volume":"176","author":"Igawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.115840","article-title":"Effect of (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4\u2019-{2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl} acetanilide (YM178), a novel selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function","volume":"321","author":"Takasu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13367","article-title":"Mirabegron relaxes urethral smooth muscle by a dual mechanism involving \u03b23 -adrenoceptor activation and \u03b11 -adrenoceptor blockade","volume":"173","author":"Alexandre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12279","article-title":"Mirabegron causes vesical and urethral relaxation in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Sugaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Low. Urin. Tract Symptoms"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23566","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mirabegron for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity-Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Krhut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Efficacy of vibegron, a novel \u03b23-adrenoreceptor agonist, for lower urinary tract dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Off. J. Jpn. Urol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"100516","article-title":"Effects of a new \u03b23-adrenoceptor agonist, vibegron, on neurogenic bladder dysfunction and remodeling in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"4","author":"Gotoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cont.2022.100516","article-title":"Initial experience with vibegron for the treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract storage dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continence"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor binding activity in rat tissues by vibegron and prediction of its receptor occupancy levels in the human bladder","volume":"28","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Off. J. Jpn. Urol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00240.2017","article-title":"Preventative effects of a HIF inhibitor, 17-DMAG, on partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction","volume":"313","author":"Iguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X682125","article-title":"Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Bladder Fibrosis Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Into the Bladder Wall","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2014.1.5","article-title":"The Biology of Long-Term Denervated Skeletal Muscle","volume":"24","author":"Carlson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23725","article-title":"Fibrosis and the bladder, implications for function ICI-RS 2017","volume":"37","author":"Fry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23066","article-title":"Combinational effects of muscarinic receptor inhibition and \u03b23-adrenoceptor stimulation on neurogenic bladder dysfunction in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Wada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24704","article-title":"Antifibrosis treatment by inhibition of VEGF, FGF, and PDGF receptors improves bladder wall remodeling and detrusor overactivity in association with modulation of C-fiber afferent activity in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/9\/7885\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:23:37Z","timestamp":1760124217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/9\/7885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24097885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24097885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]}}}