{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:32:18Z","timestamp":1783542738829,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","award":["TCRD-TPE-111-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-111-33"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial cardiovascular disease with a high risk of death, and it occurs in the infrarenal aorta with vascular dilatation. High blood pressure acts on the aortic wall, resulting in rupture and causing life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, especially elastin breaks, contribute to structural changes in the aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA includes the occurrence of oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, elastic fiber fragmentation, VSMC apoptosis, and phenotypic transformation. Tributyrin (TB) is decomposed by intestinal lipase and has a function similar to that of butyrate. Whether TB has a protective effect against AAA remains uncertain. In the present study, we established an AAA murine model by angiotensin II (AngII) induction in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-\/-) mice and investigated the effects of orally administered TB on the AAA size, ratio of macrophage infiltration, levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and epigenetic regulation. TB attenuates AngII-induced AAA size and decreases elastin fragmentation, macrophage infiltration, and MMP expression in the medial layer of the aorta and reduces the levels of SBP (systolic blood pressure, p &lt; 0.001) and MMP-2 (p &lt; 0.02) in the serum. TB reduces the AngII-stimulated expression levels of MMP2 (p &lt; 0.05), MMP9 (p &lt; 0.05), MMP12, and MMP14 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, TB and valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suppress AngII receptor type 1 (AT1R, p &lt; 0.05) activation and increase the expression of acetyl histone H3 by HDAC activity inhibition (p &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that TB exerts its protective effect by suppressing the activation of HDAC to attenuate the AngII-induced AT1R signaling cascade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T06:12:55Z","timestamp":1682662375000},"page":"8008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tributyrin Intake Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in LDLR-\/- Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chih-Pei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1245-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Shiang","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Shiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaw-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology & Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shing-Jong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology & Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66459-8","article-title":"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm","volume":"365","author":"Sakalihasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Avishay, D.M., and Reimon, J.D. 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