{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:28:12Z","timestamp":1779928092212,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migraine and sarcoidosis are two distinct medical conditions that may have some common biological and clinical pathways. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs, skin, cardiovascular system, lymph nodes, and brain. Migraine is a common comorbidity in sarcoidosis patients and a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. There have been several reports of individuals with neurosarcoidosis experiencing migraines, though the exact relationship between the two disorders is not well understood. Both conditions have been associated with inflammation and the activation of the immune system. In sarcoidosis, the formation of granulomas is thought to be an immune response to the presence of an unknown antigen. Similarly, the pain and other symptoms associated with migraines are thought to be caused by inflammation in the brain and the surrounding blood vessels. There is also evidence to suggest an interplay of environmental and genetic factors playing a role in both conditions, but evidence is inconsistent with the hypothesis of shared genetic susceptibility. This review aims to illustrate common clinical and biological pathways between migraine and sarcoidosis, including inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system, with a focus on the cumulative burden of concurrent disorders and therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1683278289000},"page":"8304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Common Clinical and Molecular Pathways between Migraine and Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Tana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Headache, Geriatrics and COVID-19 Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3132-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Garcia","family":"Azorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital\u2014AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana and Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Mantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Tana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Internal Medicine Unit, SS. Medical Department, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Caulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"University Cardiology Division, Heart Department, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Martelletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cipollone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Adele","family":"Giamberardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Headache, Geriatrics and COVID-19 Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 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