{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:45:47Z","timestamp":1790376347595,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Centre in Poland","award":["2022\/06\/X\/NZ5\/01782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06\/X\/NZ5\/01782"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Centre in Poland","award":["N41\/DBS\/001003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41\/DBS\/001003"]}]},{"name":"the Jagiellonian University Medical College","award":["2022\/06\/X\/NZ5\/01782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06\/X\/NZ5\/01782"]}]},{"name":"the Jagiellonian University Medical College","award":["N41\/DBS\/001003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41\/DBS\/001003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrial cancer remains a common cancer affecting the female reproductive system. There is still a need for more efficient ways of determining the degree of malignancy and optimizing treatment. WNT and mTOR are components of signaling pathways within tumor cells, and dysfunction of either protein is associated with the pathogenesis of neoplasms. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the impact of subcellular WNT-1 and mTOR levels on the clinical course of endometrial cancer. WNT-1 and mTOR levels in the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in a group of 64 patients with endometrial cancer of grades 1\u20133 and FIGO stages I\u2013IV. We discovered that the levels of WNT-1 and mTOR expression in the cellular compartments were associated with tumor grade and staging. Membranous WNT-1 was negatively associated, whereas cytoplasmic WNT-1 and nuclear mTOR were positively associated with higher grading of endometrial cancer. Furthermore, nuclear mTOR was positively associated with FIGO stages IB\u2013IV. To conclude, we found that the assessment of WNT-1 in the cell membrane may be useful for exclusion of grade 3 neoplasms, whereas cytoplasmic WNT-1 and nuclear mTOR may be used as indicators for confirmation of grade 3 neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T03:34:53Z","timestamp":1683516893000},"page":"8342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of Membranous WNT-1 and Nuclear mTOR with Endometrial Cancer Grade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milosz","family":"Pietrus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Pitynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0672-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Waligora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Circulation Centre, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, 31-022 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Medical Education, Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Milian-Ciesielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Ludwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej W.","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3997-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Skrzypek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33799","article-title":"Improved long-term survival of corpus cancer in Japan: A 40-year population-based analysis","volume":"150","author":"Yagi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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