{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:08:42Z","timestamp":1791065322751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by deep-seated nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts and scars localized in the intertriginous areas. It is accompanied by pain, malodourous secretion and a dramatically decreased quality of life. Although the pathogenesis has not been entirely elucidated, the primary event is follicular hyperkeratosis of the pilosebaceous apocrine unit. Since the registration of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor Adalimumab in 2015, several cytokines have been implicated in the pathomechanism of HS and the research of novel therapeutic targets has been intensified. We provide an update on the inflammatory cytokines with a central role in HS pathogenesis and the most promising target molecules of future HS management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T02:28:08Z","timestamp":1683599288000},"page":"8428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["New Insight into the Molecular Pathomechanism and Immunomodulatory Treatments of Hidradenitis Suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Molinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Gioacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sapigni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Diotallevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Brisigotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Rizzetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Offidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01552.x","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Viewpoint on clinical phenotyping, pathogenesis and novel treatments","volume":"21","author":"Laman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. 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