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The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium longum, a probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated in a lithium\u2013pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced in young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU\/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. The results show that B. longum treatment has beneficial effects on the TLE-induced changes in anxiety levels, neuronal death in the amygdala, and body weight recovery. In addition, B. longum increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn and Pparg. However, the probiotic had little effect on TLE-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis and did not reduce neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. The study suggests that B. longum may have a beneficial effect on TLE and may provide valuable insights into the role of gut bacteria in epileptogenesis. In addition, the results show that B. longum may be a promising drug for the comprehensive treatment of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T02:28:08Z","timestamp":1683599288000},"page":"8451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum in a Lithium\u2013Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Olga E.","family":"Zubareva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra V.","family":"Dyomina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Kovalenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna I.","family":"Roginskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-6266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tigran B.","family":"Melik-Kasumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Korneeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alesya V.","family":"Chuprina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alesya A.","family":"Zhabinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepan A.","family":"Kolyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Zakharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marusya O.","family":"Gryaznova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4503-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey V.","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003509","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy","volume":"88","author":"Fiest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"624519","article-title":"Neuropathology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"2012","author":"Ang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res. 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