{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:20:17Z","timestamp":1792804817863,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education through the Fundamental Research Grants Scheme (FRGS)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2020\/SKK0\/UKM\/02\/27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2020\/SKK0\/UKM\/02\/27"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mcs2t73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to identify potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), a rare but serious side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. This study analyzed a microarray dataset (GSE7116) of multiple myeloma patients with BRONJ (n = 11) and controls (n = 10), and performed gene ontology, a pathway enrichment analysis, and a protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis. A total of 1481 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 381 upregulated and 1100 downregulated genes, with enriched functions and pathways related to apoptosis, RNA splicing, signaling pathways, and lipid metabolism. Seven hub genes (FN1, TNF, JUN, STAT3, ACTB, GAPDH, and PTPRC) were also identified using the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. This study further screened small-molecule drugs using CMap and verified the results using molecular docking methods. This study identified 3-(5-(4-(Cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-((3-hydroxybenzo[d]isoxazol-6-yl) methoxy) phenyl) propanoic acid as a potential drug treatment and prognostic marker for BRONJ. The findings of this study provide reliable molecular insight for biomarker validation and potential drug development for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of BRONJ. Further research is needed to validate these findings and develop an effective biomarker for BRONJ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1683859019000},"page":"8635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Small Molecule Drugs for Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ): An Integrated Bioinformatics Study Using Big Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumarendran","family":"Balachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roszalina","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1617-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiful Anuar","family":"Karsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariati","family":"Abdul Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.02.008","article-title":"American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons\u2019 Position Paper on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws\u20142022 Update","volume":"80","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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