{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1767855946400,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Granada and the Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Andaluc\u00eda Oriental (FIBAO)","award":["PT13\/0010\/0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT13\/0010\/0039"]}]},{"name":"ERDF funds (EU) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PT13\/0010\/0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT13\/0010\/0039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biological therapies (BTs) indicated for psoriasis are highly effective; however, not all patients obtain good results, and loss of effectiveness is the main reason for switching. Genetic factors may be involved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the drug survival of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) medications and ustekinumab (UTK) in patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. We conducted an ambispective observational cohort study that included 379 lines of treatment with anti-TNF (n = 247) and UTK (132) in 206 white patients from southern Spain and Italy. The genotyping of the 29 functional SNPs was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TaqMan probes. Drug survival was evaluated with Cox regression and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves. The multivariate analysis showed that the HLA-C rs12191877-T (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.560; 95% CI = 0.40\u20130.78; p = 0.0006) and TNF-1031 (rs1799964-C) (HR = 0.707; 95% CI = 0.50\u20130.99; p = 0.048) polymorphisms are associated with anti-TNF drug survival, while TLR5 rs5744174-G (HR = 0.589; 95% CI = 0.37\u20130.92; p = 0.02), CD84 rs6427528-GG (HR = 0.557; 95% CI = 0.35\u20130.88; p = 0.013) and PDE3A rs11045392-T together with SLCO1C1 rs3794271-T (HR = 0.508; 95% CI = 0.32\u20130.79; p = 0.002) are related to UTK survival. The limitations are the sample size and the clustering of anti-TNF drugs; we used a homogeneous cohort of patients from 2 hospitals only. In conclusion, SNPs in the HLA-C, TNF, TLR5, CD84, PDE3A, and SLCO1C1 genes may be useful as biomarkers of drug survival of BTs indicated for psoriasis, making it possible to implement personalized medicine that will reduce financial healthcare costs, facilitate medical decision-making and improve patient quality of life. However, further pharmacogenetic studies need to be conducted to confirm these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T02:56:57Z","timestamp":1684119417000},"page":"8703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Functional Polymorphisms on Drug Survival of Biological Therapies in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Membrive-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Arias-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Giovanni","family":"Richetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8030-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5111-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Elena","family":"Pineda-Lancheros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7999-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria del Carmen","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Tortosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18004 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.07.013","article-title":"Etiology and Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"41","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheum. 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