{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:13:57Z","timestamp":1784913237289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K09378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K09378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H03794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H03794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K19934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K19934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002951","name":"Dokkyo Medical University Investigator-Initiated Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K09378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K09378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002951","name":"Dokkyo Medical University Investigator-Initiated Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H03794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H03794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002951","name":"Dokkyo Medical University Investigator-Initiated Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K19934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K19934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002951","name":"Dokkyo Medical University Investigator-Initiated Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies demonstrated that hamster sperm hyperactivation is suppressed by extracellular Na+ by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels, and Na+\/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) specific inhibitors canceled the suppressive effects of extracellular Na+. These results suggest the involvement of NCX in the regulation of hyperactivation. However, direct evidence of the presence and functionality of NCX in hamster spermatozoa is still lacking. This study aimed to reveal that NCX is present and is functional in hamster spermatozoa. First, NCX1 and NCX2 transcripts were detected via RNA-seq analyses of hamster testis mRNAs, but only the NCX1 protein was detected. Next, NCX activity was determined by measuring the Na+-dependent Ca2+ influx using the Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. The Na+-dependent Ca2+ influx was detected in hamster spermatozoa, notably in the tail region. The Na+-dependent Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the NCX inhibitor SEA0400 at NCX1-specific concentrations. NCX1 activity was reduced after 3 h of incubation in capacitating conditions. These results, together with authors\u2019 previous study, showed that hamster spermatozoa possesses functional NCX1 and that its activity was downregulated upon capacitation to trigger hyperactivation. This is the first study to successfully reveal the presence of NCX1 and its physiological function as a hyperactivation brake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T08:09:44Z","timestamp":1684397384000},"page":"8905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hamster Sperm Possess Functional Na+\/Ca2+-Exchanger 1: Its Implication in Hyperactivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gen L.","family":"Takei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhei","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubito","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoe","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Knobil, E., and Neill., J.D. 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