{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:09Z","timestamp":1760148549234,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Society (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)","award":["AN 321\/5-1","RA 689\/14-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN 321\/5-1","RA 689\/14-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurosteroids and benzodiazepines are modulators of the GABAA receptors, thereby causing anxiolysis. Furthermore, benzodiazepines such as midazolam are known to cause adverse side-effects on cognition upon administration. We previously found that midazolam at nanomolar concentrations (10 nM) blocked long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we aim to study the effect of neurosteroids and their synthesis using XBD173, which is a synthetic compound that promotes neurosteroidogenesis by binding to the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), since they might provide anxiolytic activity with a favourable side-effect profile. By means of electrophysiological measurements and the use of mice with targeted genetic mutations, we revealed that XBD173, a selective ligand of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), induced neurosteroidogenesis. In addition, the exogenous application of potentially synthesised neurosteroids (THDOC and allopregnanolone) did not depress hippocampal CA1-LTP, the cellular correlate of learning and memory. This phenomenon was observed at the same concentrations that neurosteroids conferred neuroprotection in a model of ischaemia-induced hippocampal excitotoxicity. In conclusion, our results indicate that TSPO ligands are promising candidates for post-ischaemic recovery exerting neuroprotection, in contrast to midazolam, without detrimental effects on synaptic plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24109056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T03:57:32Z","timestamp":1684727852000},"page":"9056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurosteroids Mediate Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxic\/Hypoglycaemic Excitotoxicity via \u03b4-GABAA Receptors without Affecting Synaptic Plasticity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1148-7921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"X\u00e8nia","family":"Puig-Bosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"BCN-AIM Lab, Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ballmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bieletzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Antkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6954-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanns Ulrich","family":"Zeilhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Z\u00fcrich, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Rammes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.4.346","article-title":"Use of triazolam and alprazolam as premedication for general anesthesia","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. 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