{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:06:13Z","timestamp":1790996773928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain","award":["31R234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31R234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disease modeling in non-human subjects is an essential part of any clinical research. To gain proper understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of any disease, experimental models are required to replicate the disease process. Due to the huge diversity in pathophysiology and prognosis in different diseases, animal modeling is customized and specific accordingly. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson\u2019s disease is a progressive disorder coupled with varying forms of physical and mental disabilities. The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson\u2019s disease are associated with the accumulation of misfolded protein called \u03b1-synuclein as Lewy body, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) area affecting the patient\u2019s motor activity. Extensive research has already been conducted regarding animal modeling of Parkinson\u2019s diseases. These include animal systems with induction of Parkinson\u2019s, either pharmacologically or via genetic manipulation. In this review, we will be summarizing and discussing some of the commonly employed Parkinson\u2019s disease animal model systems and their applications and limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24109088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T03:20:06Z","timestamp":1684812006000},"page":"9088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Exploring Different Animal Model Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Engila","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikramul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Emdadul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chia, S.J., Tan, E.-K., and Chao, Y.-X. (2020). Historical Perspective: Models of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072464"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.2.223","article-title":"An Essay on the Shaking Palsy. 1817","volume":"14","author":"Parkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. 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