{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:23:51Z","timestamp":1770326631117,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-15-00263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-15-00263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-15-00421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-15-00421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abuse with hepatotoxic agents is a major cause of acute liver failure. The search for new criteria indicating the acute or chronic pathological processes is still a challenging issue that requires the selection of effective tools and research models. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are modern label-free methods of optical biomedical imaging for assessing the metabolic state of hepatocytes, therefore reflecting the functional state of the liver tissue. The aim of this work was to identify characteristic changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) under toxic damage by some of the most common toxins: ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (APAP), commonly known as paracetamol. We have determined characteristic optical criteria for toxic liver damage, and these turn out to be specific for each toxic agent, reflecting the underlying pathological mechanisms of toxicity. The results obtained are consistent with standard methods of molecular and morphological analysis. Thus, our approach, based on optical biomedical imaging, is effective for intravital monitoring of the state of liver tissue in the case of toxic damage or even in cases of acute liver injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:58:48Z","timestamp":1684983528000},"page":"9195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Label-Free Imaging Techniques to Evaluate Metabolic Changes Caused by Toxic Liver Injury in PCLS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4454-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Rodimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Mozherov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vadim","family":"Elagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Karabut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Shchechkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Krylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Gavrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Bobrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Zagainov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11\/1, 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Zagaynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10\/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.361","article-title":"Advances in multiphoton microscopy technology","volume":"7","author":"Hoover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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