{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:32Z","timestamp":1787028512184,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["WE2554\/13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE2554\/13-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["WE2554\/15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE2554\/15-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["WE 2554\/17-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE 2554\/17-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["PTD 1-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTD 1-5"]}]},{"name":"faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University","award":["WE2554\/13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE2554\/13-1"]}]},{"name":"faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University","award":["WE2554\/15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE2554\/15-1"]}]},{"name":"faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University","award":["WE 2554\/17-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE 2554\/17-1"]}]},{"name":"faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University","award":["PTD 1-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTD 1-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) is widely expressed in reproductive organs, but also in non-reproductive tissues of females and males. There is evidence that lipocalin 2 (LCN2), which has diverse immunological and metabolic functions, is regulated by ER\u03b1 in adipose tissue. However, in many other tissues, the impact of ER\u03b1 on LCN2 expression has not been studied yet. Therefore, we used an Esr1-deficient mouse strain and analyzed LCN2 expression in reproductive (ovary, testes) and non-reproductive tissues (kidney, spleen, liver, lung) of both sexes. Tissues collected from adult wild-type (WT) and Esr1-deficient animals were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and RT-qPCR for Lcn2 expression. In non-reproductive tissues, only minor genotype- or sex-specific differences in LCN2 expression were detected. In contrast, significant differences in LCN2 expression were observed in reproductive tissues. Particularly, there was a strong increase in LCN2 in Esr1-deficient ovaries when compared to WTs. In summary, we found an inverse correlation between the presence of ER\u03b1 and the expression of LCN2 in testes and ovaries. Our results provide an important basis to better understand LCN2 regulation in the context of hormones and in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:05:44Z","timestamp":1685066744000},"page":"9280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Expression Analysis of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Tissues of Esr1-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jan C.","family":"Kessel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Weiskirchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14539","article-title":"Sex Bias in Preclinical Research and an Exploration of How to Change the Status Quo","volume":"176","author":"Karp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. 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