{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:16:50Z","timestamp":1783538210822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chengdu Science and technology Bureau","award":["2022-YF0500747-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-YF0500747-SN"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Science and technology Bureau","award":["2021YFH0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0156"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Science and technology Bureau","award":["31702284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31702284"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["2022-YF0500747-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-YF0500747-SN"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["2021YFH0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0156"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["31702284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31702284"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022-YF0500747-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-YF0500747-SN"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFH0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0156"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31702284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31702284"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have greatly threatened human health and imposed a burden on global public health. To overcome this crisis, there is an urgent need to seek effective alternatives to single antibiotic therapy to circumvent drug resistance and prevent MDR bacteria. According to previous reports, cinnamaldehyde exerts antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Salmonella spp. This study was conducted to investigate whether cinnamaldehyde has a synergistic effect on antibiotics when used in combination, we found that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDR Salmonella in vitro by significantly reduced the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, inhibiting the development of drug resistance under ceftriaxone selective pressure in vitro, damaging the cell membrane, and affecting its basic metabolism. In addition, it restored the activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDR Salmonella in vivo and inhibited peritonitis caused by ceftriaxone resistant strain of Salmonella in mice. Collectively, these results revealed that cinnamaldehyde can be used as a novel ceftriaxone adjuvant to prevent and treat infections caused by MDR Salmonella, mitigating the possibility of producing further mutant strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:05:44Z","timestamp":1685066744000},"page":"9288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cinnamaldehyde Restores Ceftriaxone Susceptibility against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8893-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizi","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changliang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"938","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States: Stepping Back from the Brink","volume":"89","author":"Solomon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15","article-title":"Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections","volume":"28","author":"Crump","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2017.02.006","article-title":"Ecological effects of antibiotics on natural ecosystems: A review","volume":"136","author":"Grenni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2016-0079","article-title":"Efficacy of Phytogenic Feed Additive on Performance, Production and Health Status of Monogastric Animals\u2014A Review","volume":"17","author":"Upadhaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0141-x","article-title":"Drug combinations: A strategy to extend the life of antibiotics in the 21 st century","volume":"17","author":"Tyers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh243","article-title":"Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"53","author":"Hammer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M61","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12318","article-title":"Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing the Plant Antimicrobials Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Inactivate Salmonella Newport on Organic Leafy Greens in Sealed Plastic Bags","volume":"79","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-017-1314-y","article-title":"Strategies for Biofilm Inhibition and Virulence Attenuation of Foodborne Pathogen-Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"74","author":"Oloketuyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46117","DOI":"10.1002\/app.46117","article-title":"Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)\/permutite fibrous film loaded with cinnamaldehyde for active food packaging","volume":"135","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1021\/jf063295u","article-title":"Vapor-phase activities of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano essential oils and key constituents against foodborne microorganisms","volume":"55","author":"Lopez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.001","article-title":"Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria","volume":"140","author":"Palaniappan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03122.x","article-title":"Effect of cinnamaldehyde on biofilm formation and sarA expression by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"53","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12401","article-title":"Synergy among thymol, eugenol, berberine, cinnamaldehyde and streptomycin against planktonic and biofilm-associated food-borne pathogens","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03692-y","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde: A compound with antimicrobial and synergistic activity against ESBL-producing quinolone-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"39","author":"Dhara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-020-02862-x","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of drug resistance mechanisms in Salmonella: Where we stand and what we need to know","volume":"36","author":"Shaheen","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13308","article-title":"Evaluation of antibiofilm efficacy of essential oil components beta-caryophyllene, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol alone and in combination against biofilm formation and preformed biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"71","author":"Purkait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c14-00103","article-title":"Salusin-beta, an Antimicrobially Active Peptide against Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"62","author":"Kimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2015.1101500","article-title":"Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on bacterial membrane","volume":"92","author":"Oncul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boix-Lemonche, G., Lekka, M., and Skerlavaj, B. (2020). A Rapid Fluorescence-Based Microplate Assay to Investigate the Interaction of Membrane Active Antimicrobial Peptides with Whole Gram-Positive Bacteria. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020092"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis909","article-title":"Association Between Colistin Dose and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia","volume":"56","author":"Vicari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22308","article-title":"Predictive compound accumulation rules yield a broad\u2014Spectrum antibiotic","volume":"545","author":"Richter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0723-z","article-title":"A broad-spectrum antibiotic adjuvant reverses multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, L., Dai, Y., Chen, H., He, X., Ouyang, P., Huang, X., Sun, X., Ai, Y., Lai, S., and Zhu, L. (2022). Cinnamaldehyde Resist Salmonella Typhimurium Adhesion by Inhibiting Type I Fimbriae. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227753"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.002","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactamases and \u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitors in the 21st Century","volume":"431","author":"Tooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2576-2","article-title":"Dichotomous engagement of HDAC3 activity governs inflammatory responses","volume":"584","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2499","article-title":"Screening potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer based on circular RNA chips","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/595011","article-title":"Bad Bugs, No Drugs: No ESKAPE! An Update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"48","author":"Boucher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.02.001","article-title":"Recent advances in therapeutic strategies that focus on the regulation of ion channel expression","volume":"160","author":"Ohya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902227","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201902227","article-title":"Metformin Restores Tetracyclines Susceptibility against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059003-00003","article-title":"Parenteral cephalosporin therapy in ambulatory care: Advantages and disadvantages","volume":"59","author":"Esposito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.06.004","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in different countries: A comparison","volume":"24","author":"Esposito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fny283","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny283","article-title":"Effect of sublethal concentrations of ceftriaxone on antibiotic susceptibility of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains","volume":"366","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fems Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028017692357","article-title":"Combination of Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin for the Treatment of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Qualitative Systematic Review","volume":"51","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.05.016","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, a novel class of antifungal agents","volume":"112","author":"Shreaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.03.001","article-title":"Membrane fatty acid composition as a determinant of Listeria monocytogenes sensitivity to trans-cinnamaldehyde","volume":"168","author":"Rogiers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104555","article-title":"Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors with natural substances and novel protease, obtained from Halobacillus karajensis","volume":"149","author":"Ghoreishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2011.06.004","article-title":"Spice oil cinnamaldehyde exhibits potent anticandidal activity against fluconazole resistant clinical isolates","volume":"82","author":"Shreaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.11.005","article-title":"Cinnamic aldehydes affect hydrolytic enzyme secretion and morphogenesis in oral Candida isolates","volume":"52","author":"Shreaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2145","article-title":"Biofilm Formation by Environmental Isolates of Salmonella and Their Sensitivity to Natural Antimicrobials","volume":"13","author":"Keelara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13200","article-title":"Deletion analysis of the flagellum-specific secretion signal in Salmonella flagellin","volume":"592","author":"Kovacs","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00736-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00736-17","article-title":"Regulation of Flagellum Biosynthesis in Response to Cell Envelope Stress in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium","volume":"9","author":"Sporing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba0862","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0862","article-title":"Clinically relevant mutations in core metabolic genes confer antibiotic resistance","volume":"371","author":"Lopatkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1006641","article-title":"Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"363","author":"Lisboa","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.199","article-title":"The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology","volume":"12","author":"Zowawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2629","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310333110","article-title":"Permeation rates of penicillins indicate that Escherichia coli porins function principally as nonspecific channels","volume":"110","author":"Kojima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.28","article-title":"Pentamidine sensitizes Gram-negative pathogens to antibiotics and overcomes acquired colistin resistance","volume":"2","author":"Stokes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba3571","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba3571","article-title":"Bacteria-specific phototoxic reactions triggered by blue light and phytochemical carvacrol","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.01.008","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo biofilm inhibitory efficacy of geraniol-cefotaxime combination against Staphylococcus spp","volume":"125","author":"Kannappan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2019.1674342","article-title":"The antibacterial mechanism of oridonin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"57","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M.A., Park, H.C., Lee, K.J., Park, S.W., Park, S.C., and Kang, J. (2020). In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01810-x"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2008.02.010","article-title":"Kinetic of production and mode of action of the Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei anti-listerial bacteriocin, an Algerian isolate","volume":"41","author":"Bendali","year":"2008","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouyang, P., He, X., Yuan, Z.-W., Yin, Z.-Q., Fu, H., Lin, J., He, C., Liang, X., Lv, C., and Shu, G. (2018). Erianin against Staphylococcus aureus Infection via Inhibiting Sortase A. Toxins, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10100385"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C-T method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"135","article-title":"Activity of Ertapenem and Ceftriaxone in the eradication of Salmonella in a model of experimental peritonitis in mice","volume":"22","author":"Lozano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/11\/9288\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:42:27Z","timestamp":1760125347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/11\/9288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24119288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24119288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]}}}