{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:45:14Z","timestamp":1791229514679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","award":["#19-015-00391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#19-015-00391"]}]},{"name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","award":["#122020300041-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#122020300041-7"]}]},{"name":"State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["#19-015-00391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#19-015-00391"]}]},{"name":"State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["#122020300041-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#122020300041-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer and neurodegenerative disorders present overwhelming challenges for healthcare worldwide. Epidemiological studies showed a decrease in cancer rates in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, including the Huntington disease (HD). Apoptosis is one of the most important processes for both cancer and neurodegeneration. We suggest that genes closely connected with apoptosis and associated with HD may affect carcinogenesis. We applied reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with HD and apoptosis and identified potentially important genes for inverse comorbidity of cancer and HD. The top 10 high-priority candidate genes included APOE, PSEN1, INS, IL6, SQSTM1, SP1, HTT, LEP, HSPA4, and BDNF. Functional analysis of these genes was carried out using gene ontology and KEGG pathways. By exploring genome-wide association study results, we identified genes associated with neurodegenerative and oncological disorders, as well as their endophenotypes and risk factors. We used publicly available datasets of HD and breast and prostate cancers to analyze the expression of the identified genes. Functional modules of these genes were characterized according to disease-specific tissues. This integrative approach revealed that these genes predominantly exert similar functions in different tissues. Apoptosis along with lipid metabolism dysregulation and cell homeostasis maintenance in the response to environmental stimulus and drugs are likely key processes in inverse comorbidity of cancer in patients with HD. Overall, the identified genes represent the promising targets for studying molecular relations of cancer and HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:19:37Z","timestamp":1685204377000},"page":"9385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Apoptosis Genes as a Key to Identification of Inverse Comorbidity of Huntington\u2019s Disease and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elena Yu.","family":"Bragina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Densema E.","family":"Gomboeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Saik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Ivanisenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim B.","family":"Freidin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"},{"name":"Centre of Omics Technology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria S.","family":"Nazarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery P.","family":"Puzyrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e046329","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046329","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 17 million participants","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000356498","article-title":"Inverse and direct cancer comorbidity in people with central nervous system disorders: A meta-analysis of cancer incidence in 577,013 participants of 50 observational studies","volume":"83","author":"Valderas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother. 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