{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:57:25Z","timestamp":1789444645146,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["814244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814244"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["115770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115770"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["814244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","award":["814244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814244"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","award":["115770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115770"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}]},{"name":"EFPIA companies","award":["814244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814244"]}]},{"name":"EFPIA companies","award":["115770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115770"]}]},{"name":"EFPIA companies","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between structural changes and pain sensation in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Joint deterioration in OA leads to the release of protein fragments that can either systemically (serum) or locally (synovial fluid; SF) be targeted as biomarkers and describe structural changes and potentially pain. Biomarkers of collagen type I (C1M), type II (C2M), type III (C3M), type X (C10C), and aggrecan (ARGS) degradation were measured in the serum and SF of knee OA patients. Spearman\u2019s rank correlation was used to assess the correlation of the biomarkers\u2019 levels between serum and SF. Linear regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the associations between the biomarkers\u2019 levels and clinical outcomes. The serum C1M levels were negatively associated with subchondral bone density. The serum C2M levels were negatively associated with KL grade and positively associated with minimum joint space width (minJSW). The C10C levels in SF were negatively associated with minJSW and positively associated with KL grade and osteophyte area. Lastly, the serum C2M and C3M levels were negatively associated with pain outcomes. Most of the biomarkers seemed to mainly be associated with structural outcomes. The overall biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in serum and SF may provide different information and reflect different pathogenic processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1685508051000},"page":"9483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Relevance of Biomarkers in Serum vs. Synovial Fluid in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Kalogera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1929-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myl\u00e8ne P.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7952-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Christine","family":"Bay-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peder","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten A.","family":"Karsdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian S.","family":"Thudium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Mastbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: A disease of the joint as an organ","volume":"64","author":"Loeser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.009","article-title":"Osteoarthritis and joint pain","volume":"123","author":"Kidd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2018.04.030","article-title":"Protein biomarkers associated with pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis","volume":"190","author":"Thudium","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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