{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:31:07Z","timestamp":1781188267760,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/SKK13\/UKM\/02\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The general notion of complete hydatidiform moles is that most of them consist entirely of paternal DNA; hence, they do not express p57, a paternally imprinted gene. This forms the basis for the diagnosis of hydatidiform moles. There are about 38 paternally imprinted genes. The aim of this study is to determine whether other paternally imprinted genes could also assist in the diagnostic approach of hydatidiform moles. This study comprised of 29 complete moles, 15 partial moles and 17 non-molar abortuses. Immunohistochemical study using the antibodies of paternal-imprinted (RB1, TSSC3 and DOG1) and maternal-imprinted (DNMT1 and GATA3) genes were performed. The antibodies\u2019 immunoreactivity was evaluated on various placental cell types, namely cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, villous stromal cells, extravillous intermediate trophoblasts and decidual cells. TSSC3 and RB1 expression were observed in all cases of partial moles and non-molar abortuses. In contrast, their expression in complete moles was identified in 31% (TSSC3) and 10.3% (RB1), respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). DOG1 was consistently negative in all cell types in all cases. The expressions of maternally imprinted genes were seen in all cases, except for one case of complete mole where GATA3 was negative. Both TSSC3 and RB1 could serve as a useful adjunct to p57 for the discrimination of complete moles from partial moles and non-molar abortuses, especially in laboratories that lack comprehensive molecular service and in cases where p57 staining is equivocal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T02:41:35Z","timestamp":1685673695000},"page":"9656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnostic Utility of TSSC3 and RB1 Immunohistochemistry in Hydatidiform Mole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wai Kit","family":"Chia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pik Yuen","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching 93586, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Haslinda","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwati","family":"Shuib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3834-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muaatamarulain","family":"Mustangin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9258-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoke Kqueen","family":"Cheah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teck Yee","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4897-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin Ping","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2289-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geok Chin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"The management of hydatidiform mole using prophylactic chemotherapy and hysterectomy for high-risk patients decreased the incidence of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in Vietnam: A retrospective observational study","volume":"82","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nagoya J. 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