{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1791486618208,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172921"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KYCX20-2991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX20-2991"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KYCX21-3274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21-3274"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["32172921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172921"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["KYCX20-2991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX20-2991"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["KYCX21-3274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21-3274"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["32172921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172921"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX20-2991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX20-2991"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX21-3274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21-3274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two common mycotoxins produced by the genus Fusarium and have potential immunotoxic effects that may lead to a weak immune response against bacterial infections. Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a food-borne pathogenic microorganism ubiquitous in the environment, actively multiplies in the liver, where hepatocytes are capable of resistance through mediated innate immune responses. At present, it is not clear if ZEA and DON affect hepatocyte immune responses to L. monocytogenes infection or the mechanisms involved. Therefore, in this study, in vivo and in vitro models were used to investigate the effects of ZEA and DON on the innate immune responses of hepatocytes and related molecules after L. monocytogenes infection. In vivo studies revealed that ZEA and DON inhibited the toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)\/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF\u03baB) pathway in the liver tissue of L. monocytogenes-infected mice, downregulating the expression levels of Nitric oxide (NO), in the liver and repressing the immune response. In addition, ZEA and DON inhibited Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced expression of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in Buffalo Rat Liver (BRL 3A) cells in vitro, downregulating the TLR2\/NF\u03baB signaling pathway and resulting in the decreased expression levels of NO, causing immunosuppressive effects. In summary, ZEA and DON can negatively regulate NO levels through TLR2\/NF\u03baB, inhibiting the innate immune responses of the liver, and aggravate L. monocytogenes infections in mouse livers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T03:25:54Z","timestamp":1685676354000},"page":"9664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fusarium Mycotoxins Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol Reduce Hepatocyte Innate Immune Response after the Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Inhibiting the TLR2\/NF\u03baB Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nannan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0939-331X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanglong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1658-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8023-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianchun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ropejko, K., and Twaru\u017cek, M. 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