{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:52:18Z","timestamp":1783626738389,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19H01068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H01068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptide is known to accelerate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced bone formation. Cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP)-OA nanogel-crosslinked PEG gel (CHP-OA nanogel-hydrogel) was shown to release the RANKL-binding peptide sustainably; however, an appropriate scaffold for peptide-accelerated bone formation is not determined yet. This study compares the osteoconductivity of CHP-OA hydrogel and another CHP nanogel, CHP-A nanogel-crosslinked PEG gel (CHP-A nanogel\u2013hydrogel), in the bone formation induced by BMP-2 and the peptide. A calvarial defect model was performed in 5-week-old male mice, and scaffolds were placed in the defect. In vivo \u03bcCT was performed every week. Radiological and histological analyses after 4 weeks of scaffold placement revealed that the calcified bone area and the bone formation activity at the defect site in the CHP-OA hydrogel were significantly lower than those in the CHP-A hydrogel when the scaffolds were impregnated with both BMP-2 and the RANKL-binding peptide. The amount of induced bone was similar in both CHP-A and CHP-OA hydrogels when impregnated with BMP-2 alone. In conclusion, CHP-A hydrogel could be an appropriate scaffold compared to the CHP-OA hydrogel when the local bone formation was induced by the combination of RANKL-binding peptide and BMP-2, but not by BMP-2 alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"9751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of Osteoconductive Ability of Two Types of Cholesterol-Bearing Pullulan (CHP) Nanogel-Hydrogels Impregnated with BMP-2 and RANKL-Binding Peptide: Bone Histomorphometric Study in a Murine Calvarial Defect Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cangyou","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AI Technology Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4625-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tohru","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Akiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Bone injury and fracture healing biology","volume":"28","author":"Oryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. 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