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Facility Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory","award":["444711651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444711651"]}]},{"name":"Core Facility Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory","award":["PO 563\/29-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO 563\/29-1"]}]},{"name":"Core Facility Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory","award":["BA 1601\/10-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 1601\/10-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that is often difficult to treat and causes a significant healthcare burden. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis mouse models have been established to gain further insights into the pathogenesis and host response. Here, we use an established S. aureus hematogenous osteomyelitis mouse model to investigate morphological tissue changes and bacterial localization in chronic osteomyelitis with a focus on the pelvis. X-ray imaging was performed to follow the disease progression. Six weeks post infection, when osteomyelitis had manifested itself with a macroscopically visible bone deformation in the pelvis, we used two orthogonal methods, namely fluorescence imaging and label-free Raman spectroscopy, to characterise tissue changes on a microscopic scale and to localise bacteria in different tissue regions. Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Gram staining were performed as a reference method. We could detect all signs of a chronically florid tissue infection with osseous and soft tissue changes as well as with different inflammatory infiltrate patterns. Large lesions dominated in the investigated tissue samples. Bacteria were found to form abscesses and were distributed in high numbers in the lesion, where they could occasionally also be detected intracellularly. In addition, bacteria were found in lower numbers in surrounding muscle tissue and even in lower numbers in trabecular bone tissue. The Raman spectroscopic imaging revealed a metabolic state of the bacteria with reduced activity in agreement with small cell variants found in other studies. In conclusion, we present novel optical methods to characterise bone infections, including inflammatory host tissue reactions and bacterial adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"9762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insights into S. aureus-Induced Bone Deformation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Osteomyelitis Using Fluorescence and Raman Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shibarjun","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research, LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Tannert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research, LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research, LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-4137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rustam R.","family":"Guliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research, LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Ozegowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt","family":"Wildemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Eiserloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research, LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7130-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina M.","family":"Coldewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"L\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Basti\u00e3o Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMD Software, PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 \u00cdlhavo, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Hoerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361406","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"336","author":"Lew","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. 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