{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:11:49Z","timestamp":1781248309534,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One emerging problem for onco-gynecologists is the incidence of premenopausal patients under 40 years of age diagnosed with stage I Endometrial Cancer (EC) who want to preserve their fertility. Our review aims to define a primary risk assessment that can help fertility experts and onco-gynecologists tailor personalized treatment and fertility-preserving strategies for fertile patients wishing to have children. We confirm that risk factors such as myometrial invasion and The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging should be integrated into the novel molecular classification provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We also corroborate the influence of classical risk factors such as obesity, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and diabetes mellitus to assess fertility outcomes. The fertility preservation options are inadequately discussed with women with a diagnosis of gynecological cancer. A multidisciplinary team of gynecologists, oncologists, and fertility specialists could increase patient satisfaction and improve fertility outcomes. The incidence and death rates of endometrial cancer are rising globally. International guidelines recommend radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the standard of care for this cancer; however, fertility-sparing alternatives should be tailored to motivated women of reproductive age, establishing an appropriate cost\u2013benefit balance between childbearing desire and cancer risk. New molecular classifications such as that of TCGA provide a robust supplementary risk assessment tool that can tailor the treatment options to the patient\u2019s needs, curtail over- and under-treatment, and contribute to the spread of fertility-preserving strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"9780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Upgrading Treatment and Molecular Diagnosis in Endometrial Cancer\u2014Driving New Tools for Endometrial Preservation?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3522-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Dellino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cerbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1543-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Simone","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS \u201cCivico\u2014Di Cristina\u2014Benfratelli\u201d, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerigo","family":"Vitagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9862-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Vimercati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Marinaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Maria","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOMO\u2019 FertiLIFE IVF Center, 76011 Bisceglie, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Malvasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca Raffaello","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliano","family":"Cascardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Corpus, C.U., and Vulva, U.O.V. (2019). Gynecologic Cancer Incidence, United States\u20142012\u20132016, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-022-00465-9","article-title":"Lactobacillus crispatus M247 oral administration: Is it really an effective strategy in the management of papillomavirus-infected women?","volume":"17","author":"Dellino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/03008916211040556","article-title":"Fertility preservation strategies for patients with lymphoma: A real-world practice survey among Fondazione Fertility preservation strategies for patients with lymphoma: A real-world practice survey among Fondazione Italiana Linfomi centerscenters","volume":"108","author":"Viviani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tumori J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01440","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Endometrial Cancer, 1990\u20132017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2017","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dellino, M., Cascardi, E., Tomasone, V., Zaccaro, R., Maggipinto, K., Giacomino, M.E., De Nicol\u00f2, M., De Summa, S., Cazzato, G., and Scacco, S. (2022). Communications Is Time for Care: An Italian Monocentric Survey on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Risk Information as Part of Cervical Cancer Screening. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12091387"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.08.024","article-title":"Special issues in fertility preservation for gynecologic malignancies","volume":"97","author":"Tomao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2019-001105","article-title":"Endometrial cancer in young women: Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in women aged \u2264 40 years","volume":"30","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_103_20","article-title":"Prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes after fertility-preservative management with progestin in early-stage of endometrial cancer","volume":"26","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00324-8","article-title":"Endometrial Cancer (Primer)","volume":"7","author":"Vicky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dellino, M., Cascardi, E., Vinciguerra, M., Lamanna, B., Malvasi, A., Scacco, S., Acquaviva, S., Pinto, V., Di Vagno, G., and Cormio, G. (2022). Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169136"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cascardi, E., Cazzato, G., Daniele, A., Silvestris, E., Cormio, G., Di Vagno, G., Malvasi, A., Loizzi, V., Scacco, S., and Pinto, V. (2022). Association between Cervical Microbiota and HPV: Could This Be the Key to Complete Cervical Cancer Eradication?. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081114"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-022-00427-1","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy in BRCA mutation carriers: How shall we do no harm?","volume":"22","author":"Loizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loizzi, V., Dellino, M., Cerbone, M., Arezzo, F., Cazzato, G., Damiani, G.R., Pinto, V., Silvestris, E., Kardhashi, A., and Cicinelli, E. (2023). The Role of Hormonal Replacement Therapy in BRCA Mutated Patients: Lights and Shadows. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010764"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"328","article-title":"A clinicopathological study in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium","volume":"48","author":"Yamawaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6422","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0508","article-title":"Gene Expression Profiles of Serous, Endometrioid, and Clear Cell Subtypes of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(13)90437-3","article-title":"Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone","volume":"170","author":"Woodruff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(89)80007-9","article-title":"The cancer question: An overview of recent epidemiologic and retrospective data","volume":"161","author":"Henderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists\u2019 Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), Davies, C., Godwin, J., Gray, R., Clarke, M., Cutter, D., Darby, S., McGale, P., Pan, H.C., and Taylor, C. (2011). Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: Patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet, 378, 771\u2013784.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60993-8"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.11.041","article-title":"Endometrial effects of long-term treatment with phytoestrogens: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"82","author":"Unfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"431","article-title":"Clinical review of 63 cases of sex cord stromal tumors","volume":"25","author":"Zanagnolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.9979","article-title":"Testing Women with Endometrial Cancer to Detect Lynch Syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.18.1358","article-title":"Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers","volume":"94","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.08.004","article-title":"The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study","volume":"104","author":"Beiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10974","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities (hypertension, hyperglycemia and overweight), lifestyle (high energy intake and physical inactivity) and endometrial cancer risk in a Norwegian cohort","volume":"104","author":"Furberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70486-8","article-title":"Risk factors among young women with endometrial cancer: A Danish case-control study","volume":"182","author":"Parslov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws129","article-title":"Age at Last Birth in Relation to Risk of Endometrial Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium","volume":"176","author":"Setiawan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0017-6","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer risk","volume":"30","author":"Schmid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Bao, Z., Zou, J., and Dong, J. (2011). Coffee consumption and risk of cancers: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cancer, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-96"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199003000-00002","article-title":"Effects of a chronic high salt intake on blood pressure and the kinetics of sodium and potassium transport in erythrocytes of young and adult subtotally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"8","author":"Zicha","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e318218c755","article-title":"Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90399-R","article-title":"Evaluation of unfavorable histologic subtypes in endometrial adenocarcinoma","volume":"162","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24160","article-title":"Racial disparities for uterine corpus tumors: Changes in clinical characteristics and treatment over time","volume":"115","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(83)90111-7","article-title":"Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Bokhman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massarotti, C., Buonomo, B., Dellino, M., Campanella, M., De Stefano, C., Ferrari, A., Anserini, P., Lambertini, M., and Peccatori, F.A. (2022). Contraception and Hormone Replacement Therapy in Healthy Carriers of Germline BRCA1\/2 Genes Pathogenic Variants: Results from an Italian Survey. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143457"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"468","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer","volume":"93","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12113","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"497","author":"Levine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2021-003241","article-title":"Fertility sparing surgery in sex-cord stromal tumors: Oncological and reproductive outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Bergamini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2878","article-title":"Improved Risk Assessment by Integrating Molecular and Clinicopathological Factors in Early-stage Endometrial Cancer\u2014Combined Analysis of the PORTEC Cohorts","volume":"22","author":"Stelloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13053-021-00199-6","article-title":"Can harmful lifestyle, obesity and weight changes increase the risk of breast cancer in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers? A Mini review","volume":"19","author":"Daniele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hered. Cancer Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.07.020","article-title":"Molecular-integrated risk profile to determine adjuvant radiotherapy in endometrial cancer: Evaluation of the pilot phase of the PORTEC-4a trial","volume":"151","author":"Wortman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.48.2596","article-title":"Type I and II endometrial cancers: Have they different risk factors?","volume":"31","author":"Setiawan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10899","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy and systematic review of endometrial surveillance in extended tamoxifen therapy","volume":"105","author":"Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-012-0029-0","article-title":"Hereditary endometrial cancer: Lynch syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Banno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Obstet. Gynecol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2010.03.001","article-title":"The inherited genetics of ovarian and endometrial cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gayther","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexa, M., Hasenburg, A., and Battista, M.J. (2021). The TCGA Molecular Classification of Endometrial Cancer and Its Possible Impact on Adjuvant Treatment Decisions. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061478"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5034","article-title":"The rise of a novel classification system for endometrial carcinoma; Integration of molecular subclasses","volume":"244","author":"McAlpine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12634","article-title":"Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types","volume":"502","author":"Kandoth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.05.014","article-title":"Markers of the p53 pathway further refine molecular profiling in high-risk endometrial cancer: A Trans PORTEC initiative","volume":"146","author":"Edmondson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.82","article-title":"Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma prognostic immunohistochemistry markers in the context of molecular classification","volume":"3","author":"Karnezis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustea, A., Ralser, D.J., Egger, E., Ziehm, U., Vivas, S., Brock, S., Jackson, D., Condic, M., Meisel, C., and Otten, L. (2023). Determination of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Endometrial Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using the Variant Interpretation and Clinical Decision Support Software MH Guide. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072053"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29020063","article-title":"Endometrial Cancer: Transitioning from Histology to Genomics","volume":"29","author":"Mitric","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24485","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024485","article-title":"A strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): Are HE4 and CA 125 suitable to detect a Paget disease of the vulva?","volume":"100","author":"Dellino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santoro, A., Angelico, G., Travaglino, A., Inzani, F., Arciuolo, D., Valente, M., D\u2019alessandris, N., Scaglione, G., Fiorentino, V., and Raffone, A. (2021). New Pathological and Clinical Insights in Endometrial Cancer in View of the Updated ESGO\/ESTRO\/ESP Guidelines. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112623"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00323-3","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"399","author":"Crosbie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30496","article-title":"Confirmation of ProMisE: A simple, genomics-based clinical classifier for endometrial cancer","volume":"123","author":"Talhouk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-020-00811-5","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Immunohistochemistry for Mismatch Repair Proteins as Surrogate of Microsatellite Instability Molecular Testing in Endometrial Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Raffone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0599-y","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of MSI-H\/MMR-D colorectal cancer and a perspective on resistance mechanisms","volume":"121","author":"Sahin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2020.03.007","article-title":"Primary Vaginal Carcinoma Arising on Cystocele Mimicking Vulvar Cancer","volume":"42","author":"Dellino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.03.029","article-title":"Mismatch repair-deficiency specifically predicts recurrence of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial carcinoma after conservative treatment: A multi-center study","volume":"161","author":"Raffone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0158-8","article-title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing of endometrial cancer and matched circulating tumor DNA: Identification of plasma-based, tumor-associated mutations in early stage patients","volume":"32","author":"Bolivar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2022.01.013","article-title":"Lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial carcinoma: A prognostic factor independent from molecular signature","volume":"165","author":"Raffone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0187-6","article-title":"L1CAM further stratifies endometrial carcinoma patients with no specific molecular risk profile","volume":"119","author":"Kommoss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puechl, A.M., Spinosa, D., Berchuck, A., Secord, A.A., Drury, K.E., Broadwater, G., Wong, J., Whitaker, R., Devos, N., and Corcoran, D.L. (2021). Molecular Classification to Prognosticate Response in Medically Managed Endometrial Cancers and Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112847"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810631","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.810631","article-title":"Molecular Classification in Patients with Endometrial Cancer After Fertility-Preserving Treatment: Application of ProMisE Classifier and Combination of Prognostic Evidence","volume":"12","author":"Ran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"359","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of symptoms of menstrual loss in the community","volume":"54","author":"Shapley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1287662","article-title":"The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding","volume":"29","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.012","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"34","author":"Whitaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2003.12.001","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding and prognosis of endometrial cancer","volume":"85","author":"Kimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e3e7e8","article-title":"Endometrial Thickness Measurement for Detecting Endometrial Cancer in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Timmermans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2018). ACOG Committee Opinion No. 734: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding. Obstet. Gynecol., 131, e124\u2013e129.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002631"},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"(2023, May 12). Endometrio e Cervice. Available online: https:\/\/www.aiom.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021_LGAIOM_Utero_endometrio_cervice.pdf."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saccardi, C., Vitagliano, A., Marchetti, M., Turco, A.L., Tosatto, S., Palumbo, M., De Lorenzo, L.S., Vitale, S.G., Scioscia, M., and Noventa, M. (2020). Endometrial Cancer Risk Prediction According to Indication of Diagnostic Hysteroscopy in Post-Menopausal Women. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10050257"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.02.007","article-title":"Prognostic parameters of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Prat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911115)68:10<2293::AID-CNCR2820681032>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"The significance of squamous differentiation in endometrial carcinoma. Data from a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"68","author":"Zaino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90371-0","article-title":"Risk factors and recurrent patterns in Stage I endometrial cancer","volume":"151","author":"DiSaia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080874","article-title":"Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer: Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion-weighted 3.0-T MR Imaging\u2014Initial Experience","volume":"250","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Kinkel, K., Kaji, Y., Yu, K.K., Segal, M.R., Lu, Y., Powell, C.B., and Hricak, H. (1999). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-Assessed Reviews, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2016-0128","article-title":"Evaluating Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer: Comparison of Reduced Field-of-view Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.00805.x","article-title":"Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"17","author":"Rockall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e86","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative assessment of myometrial infiltration in patients with endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.12.008","article-title":"The accuracy of endometrial sampling in women with postmenopausal bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"197","author":"Prins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4235","article-title":"Tao brush endometrial cytology is a sensitive diagnostic tool for cancer and hyperplasia among women presenting to clinic with abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"10","author":"DeJong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"NCCN (2023, May 12). Endometrial Carcinoma. Available online: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/uterine.pdf."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21641","article-title":"Comparison of the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in the presurgical detection of lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma: A prospective study","volume":"106","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-002230","article-title":"ESGO\/ESTRO\/ESP guidelines for the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma","volume":"31","author":"Concin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.12.444","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer: A population-based case-control study","volume":"125","author":"AlHilli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13866","article-title":"Cancer of the corpus uteri: 2021 update","volume":"155","author":"Koskas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"American Joint Committee on Cancer (2017). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Springer. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"e168","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin: Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologist","volume":"130","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1142","article-title":"Safety of uterine and\/or ovarian preservation in young women with grade 1 intramucous endometrial adenocarcinoma: A comparison of survival according to the extent of surgery","volume":"98","author":"Koskas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.3248","article-title":"Laparoscopy Compared with Laparotomy for Comprehensive Surgical Staging of Uterine Cancer: Gynecologic Oncology Group Study LAP2","volume":"27","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70143-1","article-title":"Safety of laparoscopy versus laparotomy in early-stage endometrial cancer: A randomised trial","volume":"11","author":"Mourits","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2013.01.005","article-title":"Laparoscopic Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.07.006","article-title":"Comparison of perioperative outcomes and cost of robotic-assisted laparoscopy, laparoscopy and laparotomy for endometrial cancer","volume":"165","author":"Coronado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ASTEC Study Group, Kitchener, H., Swart, A., Qian, Q., Amos, C., and Parmar, M. (2008). Efficacy of systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer (MRC ASTEC trial): A randomised study. Lancet, 373, 125\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61766-3"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn397","article-title":"Systematic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy vs No Lymphadenectomy in Early-Stage Endometrial Carcinoma: Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"100","author":"Panici","year":"2008","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480901600104","article-title":"The role of comprehensive surgical staging in patients with endometrial cancer","volume":"16","author":"Frederick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.04.005","article-title":"Cytoreductive surgery for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Barlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musacchio, L., Boccia, S.M., Caruso, G., Santangelo, G., Fischetti, M., Tomao, F., Perniola, G., Palaia, I., Muzii, L., and Pignata, S. (2020). Immune checkpoint inhibitors: A promising choice for endometrial cancer patients?. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061721"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000507055","article-title":"The Multifaceted Nature of Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Carcinomas","volume":"87","author":"Annaratone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.3747\/co.25.3840","article-title":"Current Landscape of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Solid Tumours, with Future Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"25","author":"Nixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0983","article-title":"PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov172","article-title":"PD-L1 expression and prognostic impact in glioblastoma","volume":"18","author":"Nduom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0654","article-title":"Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Common Cancers and Their Correlation with Molecular Cancer Type","volume":"23","author":"Gatalica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2151","article-title":"Association of Polymerase e\u2013Mutated and Microsatellite-Instable Endometrial Cancers with Neoantigen Load, Number of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, and Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1","volume":"1","author":"Howitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6733","article-title":"Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade","volume":"357","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.11.020","article-title":"The roles of pathology in targeted therapy of women with gynecologic cancers","volume":"148","author":"Murali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.1578","article-title":"Phase II Study of Temsirolimus in Women with Recurrent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: A Trial of the NCIC Clinical Trials Group","volume":"29","author":"Oza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.12.025","article-title":"Temsirolimus in women with platinum-refractory\/resistant ovarian cancer or advanced\/recurrent endometrial carcinoma. A phase II study of the AGO-study group (AGO-GYN8)","volume":"140","author":"Emons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000575","article-title":"Microsatellite Instability: A Predictive Biomarker for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00149","article-title":"Updated Analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer with PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or Greater","volume":"37","author":"Reck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1631136","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as a predictive biomarker for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801005","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"378","author":"Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz011","article-title":"Five-year survival outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-001","volume":"30","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2019.30.e46","article-title":"Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: New scenarios on the horizon","volume":"30","author":"Capone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.5952","article-title":"Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Advanced Programmed Death Ligand 1\u2013Positive Endometrial Cancer: Results from the KEYNOTE-028 Study","volume":"35","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.5598","article-title":"A phase Ib\/II trial of lenvatinib (LEN) plus pembrolizumab (Pembro) in patients (Pts) with endometrial carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Makker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.003","article-title":"Oncologic and Reproductive outcomes with progestin therapy in women with endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 Adenocarcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Gunderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.5798","article-title":"Lives in the Balance: Women with Cancer and the Right to Fertility Care","volume":"31","author":"Gracia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.11.043","article-title":"Efficacy of oral or intrauterine device-delivered progestin in patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia or early endometrial adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature","volume":"125","author":"Baker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2023.04.027","article-title":"Fertility-sparing hormonal treatment in patients with stage I endometrial cancer of grade 2 without myometrial invasion and grade 1\u20132 with superficial myometrial invasion: Gynecologic Oncology Research Investigators coLLaborAtion study (GORILLA-2001)","volume":"174","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Yang, X., Liu, X., Ma, K., Meng, Y., and Yin, H. (2023). Clinical characteristics and prognostic charac-terization of endometrial carcinoma: A comparative analysis of molecular typing protocols. BMC Cancer, 2023.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10706-8"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"402","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of POLE Proofreading Mutations in Endometrial Cancer","volume":"107","author":"Church","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavaliere, A.F., Perelli, F., Zaami, S., D\u2019indinosante, M., Turrini, I., Giusti, M., Gullo, G., Vizzielli, G., Mattei, A., and Scambia, G. (2021). Fertility Sparing Treatments in Endometrial Cancer Patients: The Potential Role of the New Molecular Classification. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212248"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2013-0445","article-title":"Progestins in the Fertility-Sparing Treatment and Retreatment of Patients with Primary and Recurrent Endometrial Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001328","article-title":"Fertility preservation in women with early-stage gynecologic cancer: Optimizing oncologic and reproductive outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Floyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"405","article-title":"Conservative treatment in early stage endometrial cancer: A review","volume":"90","author":"Trojano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.06.007","article-title":"The results of different fertility-sparing treatment modalities and obstetric outcomes in patients with early endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia: Case series of 30 patients and systematic review","volume":"263","author":"Piatek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2019.30.e45","article-title":"Reproductive counseling and pregnancy outcomes after radical trachelectomy for early stage cervical cancer","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255980.88205.15","article-title":"Prognostic Factors for Uterine Cancer in Reproductive-Aged Women","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"55","article-title":"Fertility-sparing management for endometrial cancer: Review of the literature","volume":"112","author":"Garzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2019.30.e61","article-title":"A pilot study of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with aromatase inhibitor as fertility-sparing treatment in obese patients with endometrial cancer","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0297-x","article-title":"The outcome of infertility treatment in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology after conservative therapy for endometrial cancer","volume":"31","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2018.29.e35","article-title":"Insulin resistance and overweight prolonged fertility-sparing treatment duration in endometrial atypical hyperplasia patients","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab041","article-title":"Chances of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing conservative management of early-stage endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Updat."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05905-8","article-title":"Fertility preserving management of early endometrial cancer in a patient cohort at the department of women\u2019s health at the university of Tuebingen","volume":"304","author":"Andress","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2020.03.014","article-title":"Fertility preservation in early-stage endometrial cancer and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia: A single-center experience","volume":"59","author":"Ayhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12142","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after progestogen treatment for early endometrial cancer","volume":"53","author":"Cade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0285","article-title":"Fertility-sparing treatment of endometrial cancer with initial infiltration of myometrium by resectoscopic surgery: A pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Casadio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.046","article-title":"Oncologic and reproductive outcomes after fertility-sparing management with oral progestin for women with complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31828b5ba2","article-title":"Fertility preservation via photodynamic therapy in young patients with early-stage uterine endometrial cancer: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6434","article-title":"Endometrial cancer in women 40 years old or younger","volume":"83","author":"Duska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e2","article-title":"Fertility preserving treatment with hysteroscopic resection followed by progestin therapy in young women with early endometrial cancer","volume":"28","author":"Falcone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.07.001","article-title":"Hysteroscopic endometrial focal resection followed by levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion as a fertility-sparing treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer: A retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Giampaolino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00462-1","article-title":"Conservative therapy for adenocarcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasia of the endometrium in young women: Central pathologic review and treatment outcome","volume":"167","author":"Kaku","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.031","article-title":"Combined medroxyprogesterone acetate\/levonorgestrel-intrauterine system treatment in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer","volume":"209","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.001","article-title":"Reproductive and oncologic outcomes after progestin therapy for endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma","volume":"210","author":"Kudesia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2019.30.e57","article-title":"Efficacy and fertility outcomes of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system treatment for patients with atypical complex hyperplasia or endometrial cancer: A retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Martinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2006.06.013","article-title":"Combined phospho-Akt and PTEN expressions associated with post-treatment hysterectomy after conservative progestin therapy in complex atypical hyperplasia and stage Ia, G1 adenocarcinoma of the endometrium","volume":"248","author":"Minaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq463","article-title":"Progestin intrauterine device and GnRH analogue for uterus-sparing treatment of endometrial precancers and well-differentiated early endometrial carcinoma in young women","volume":"22","author":"Minig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00398.x","article-title":"Outcome of fertility-preserving treatment in young women with endometrial carcinomas","volume":"112","author":"Niwa","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3417-z","article-title":"Efficacies and pregnant outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for endometrioid adenocarcinoma and complex atypical hyperplasia: Our experience and a review of the literature","volume":"291","author":"Sawada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200507000-00012","article-title":"Clinicopathologic study of uterine endometrial carcinoma in young women aged 40 years and younger","volume":"15","author":"Ota","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer Off. J. Int. Gynecol. Cancer Soc."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827a0643","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after fertility-sparing management in young women with early endometrial cancer","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.649813","article-title":"The combined GnRH-agonist and intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system treatment of complicated atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer: A pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Pashov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31820003de","article-title":"Prolonged conservative treatment of endometrial cancer patients: More than 1 pregnancy can be achieved","volume":"21","author":"Perri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2020.0100","article-title":"Clinical predictive factors of response to treatment in patients undergoing conservative management of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer","volume":"10","author":"Raffone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Young Adult Oncol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2826-8","article-title":"A prospective study of fertility-sparing treatment with megestrol acetate following hysteroscopic curettage for well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in young women","volume":"288","author":"Shan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2021-8","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in patients with stage 1a endometrial adenocarcinoma, who conservatively treated with megestrol acetate","volume":"285","author":"Shirali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.08.8344","article-title":"Multicenter phase II study of fertility-sparing treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in young women","volume":"25","author":"Ushijima","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000098","article-title":"Fertility-preserving treatment in young women with endometrial adenocarcinoma: A long-term cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000001109","article-title":"Fertility preserved hysteroscopic approach for the treatment of stage Ia endometrioid carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2018.29.e21","article-title":"Is repeated high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy permissible for patients with early stage endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia who desire preserving fertility?","volume":"29","author":"Yamagami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem088","article-title":"Fertility-preserving treatment with progestin, and pathological criteria to predict responses, in young women with endometrial cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yamazawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.06.013","article-title":"Fertility-preserving treatment in young women with well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma and severe atypical hyperplasia of endometrium","volume":"92","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.09.078","article-title":"Prognostic factors of oncological and reproductive outcomes in fertility-sparing treatment of complex atypical hyperplasia and low-grade endometrial cancer using oral progestin in Chinese patients","volume":"139","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njoku, K., Chiasserini, D., Whetton, A.D., and Crosbie, E.J. (2019). Proteomic Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101572"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.146","article-title":"Mass spectrometry as a tool for biomarkers searching in gynecological oncology","volume":"92","author":"Banach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.180636","article-title":"Proteomics: A new perspective for cancer","volume":"5","author":"Shruthi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.05.015","article-title":"Endometrial cancer: Molecular markers and management of advanced stage disease","volume":"150","author":"Arend","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0166-7","article-title":"Next-generation computational tools for interrogating cancer immunity","volume":"20","author":"Finotello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201500055","article-title":"Proteomics of endometrial cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Mittal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteom. Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.05.041","article-title":"Development of multimarker panel for early detection of endometrial cancer. High diagnostic power of pro-lactin","volume":"107","author":"Yurkovetsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.03.040","article-title":"Human epididymis protein 4 in en-dometrial cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"482","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2011-0757","article-title":"Human epididymis protein 4 as a serum marker for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and prediction of clinical outcome","volume":"50","author":"Zanotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0814-z","article-title":"The diagnostic role of human epididymis protein 4 and serum amyloid-A in early-stage endometrial cancer patients","volume":"34","author":"Omer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-012-0583-0","article-title":"The role of novel biomarker HE4 in endometrial cancer: A case control prospective study","volume":"34","author":"Angioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.002","article-title":"Utility of a novel serum tumor biomarker HE4 in patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus","volume":"110","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2018.1410061","article-title":"Advances in endometrial cancer protein biomarkers for use in the clinic","volume":"15","author":"Campoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.08.028","article-title":"Preoperative serum YKL-40 is a marker for detection and prognosis of endometrial cancer","volume":"104","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100738","article-title":"Proteomic and functional characterization of intra-tumor heterogeneity in human endometrial cancer","volume":"3","author":"Jamaluddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2017-0217","article-title":"Endometrial cancer evolution: New molecular-biologic types and hormo-nal-metabolic shifts","volume":"13","author":"Berstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3261","article-title":"Intra-tumour heterogeneity: A looking glass for cancer?","volume":"12","author":"Marusyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"105","article-title":"Tumor heterogeneity: Causes and consequences","volume":"1805","author":"Marusyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0234","article-title":"The Origins and Implications of Intratumor Heterogeneity","volume":"3","author":"Michor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05205-w","article-title":"Expression of annexin A2 in adenomyosis and dysmenorrhea","volume":"300","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120178","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1120178","article-title":"Endometrial cancer diagnostic and prognostic algorithms based on proteomics, metabolomics, and clinical data: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Romano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/11\/9780\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:48:50Z","timestamp":1760125730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/11\/9780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24119780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24119780","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]}}}