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This translocation represents one of the milestones in molecular oncology in terms of both diagnostic and prognostic evaluations. The molecular detection of the BCR::ABL1 transcription is a required factor for CML diagnosis, and its molecular quantification is essential for assessing treatment options and clinical approaches. In the CML molecular context, point mutations on the ABL1 gene are also a challenge for clinical guidelines because several mutations are responsible for tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, indicating that a change may be necessary in the treatment protocol. So far, the European LeukemiaNet and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) have presented international guidelines on CML molecular approaches, especially those related to BCR::ABL1 expression. In this study, we show almost three years\u2019 worth of data regarding the clinical treatment of CML patients at the Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil. These data primarily comprise 155 patients and 532 clinical samples. BCR::ABL1 quantification by a duplex-one-step RT-qPCR and ABL1 mutations detection were conducted. Furthermore, digital PCR for both BCR::ABL1 expression and ABL1 mutations were conducted in a sub-cohort. This manuscript describes and discusses the clinical importance and relevance of molecular biology testing in Brazilian CML patients, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T01:32:57Z","timestamp":1686792777000},"page":"10118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular BCR::ABL1 Quantification and ABL1 Mutation Detection as Essential Tools for the Clinical Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Results from a Brazilian Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Anelis Maria","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Kusma","family":"Wosniaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa Bruna Soligo","family":"Sanchuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Cili\u00e3o","family":"Munhoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine Marie","family":"Nardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Silva","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhienifer Caroline","family":"Espinace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Samuel","family":"de Holanda Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Veroneze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Felipe","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Lima","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olair Carlos","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5314-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaqueline Carvalho","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geison","family":"Cambri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila Luciola","family":"Zanette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5166-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus N\u00f3brega","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62120-0","article-title":"Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia","volume":"385","author":"Apperley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Incorpora\u00e7\u00e3o de Tecnologias no SUS (2020). 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