{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:29:33Z","timestamp":1792160973685,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":271,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1686879091000},"page":"10179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0377-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Aboouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9118-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Thiersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Soliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Gassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith M.","family":"Schneider Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.10.001","article-title":"Incidence of major depressive episode correlates with elevation of substate region of residence","volume":"129","author":"DelMastro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1586324","article-title":"Altitude and risk of depression and anxiety: Findings from the intern health study","volume":"31","author":"Kious","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"532","article-title":"High-Altitude Cognitive Impairment Is Prevented by Enriched Environment Including Exercise via VEGF Signaling","volume":"12","author":"Bengoetxea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-004-8159-4","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning associated with high-altitude exposure","volume":"14","author":"Garrido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04443","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Voluntary Spatial Attention at Early and Late Processing Stages","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199316020-00003","article-title":"Effects of altitude on mood, behaviour and cognitive functioning. A review","volume":"16","author":"Bahrke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01256","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1256","article-title":"Long-term exposure to high altitude attenuates verbal and spatial working memory: Evidence from an event-related potential study","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Changing patterns of neuropsychological functioning in children living at high altitude above and below 4000 m: A report from the Bolivian Children Living at Altitude (BoCLA) study","volume":"14","author":"Bucks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"530","article-title":"Mood states at 1600 and 4300 meters terrestrial altitude","volume":"59","author":"Shukitt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Shukitt-Hale, B., and Lieberman, H.R. (1996). The Effect of Altitude on Cognitive Performance and Mood States, National Academies Press (US), Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"865","article-title":"Relationships between symptoms, moods, performance, and acute mountain sickness at 4700 meters","volume":"62","author":"Banderet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.059","article-title":"Association between altitude and depression in Peru: An 8-year pooled analysis of population-based surveys","volume":"299","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01131","article-title":"Effects on Cognitive Functioning of Acute, Subacute and Repeated Exposures to High Altitude","volume":"9","author":"Pun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(05)80023-8","article-title":"Hypobaric hypoxia impairs spatial memory in an elevation-dependent fashion","volume":"62","author":"Stillman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01038-6","article-title":"Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria","volume":"49","author":"Drevets","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.130002","article-title":"Elevated incidence of suicide in people living at altitude, smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma: Possible role of hypoxia causing decreased serotonin synthesis","volume":"38","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00869","article-title":"Hypoxia-Associated Changes in Striatal Tonic Dopamine Release: Real-Time in vivo Measurements with a Novel Voltammetry Technique","volume":"14","author":"Barath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00967702","article-title":"Relationship of extracellular dopamine in striatum of newborn piglets to cortical oxygen pressure","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.03.003","article-title":"5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), and 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA modulation by antidepressant treatment in the chronic mild stress model of depression: Sex differences exposed","volume":"210","author":"Pitychoutis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.04.068","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia sensitizes acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress reactivity and Fos induction in the rat locus coeruleus in response to subsequent immobilization stress","volume":"154","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2194-3","article-title":"Creatine target engagement with brain bioenergetics: A dose-ranging phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of adolescent females with SSRI-resistant depression","volume":"48","author":"Kondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742059","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/742059","article-title":"Hypobaric Hypoxia Imbalances Mitochondrial Dynamics in Rat Brain Hippocampus","volume":"2015","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.04.002","article-title":"Effect of altitude on brain intracellular pH and inorganic phosphate levels","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624544","article-title":"The heart and pulmonary circulation at high altitudes: Healthy highlanders and chronic mountain sickness","volume":"115","author":"Penaloza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210598","article-title":"Reference values for oxygen saturation from sea level to the highest human habitation in the Andes in acclimatised persons","volume":"73","author":"Mejia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.093328","article-title":"Erythropoietin regulates hypoxic ventilation in mice by interacting with brainstem and carotid bodies","volume":"568","author":"Soliz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12012","article-title":"High-altitude hypoxia and periodic breathing during sleep: Gender-related differences","volume":"22","author":"Lombardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sleep. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.01.016","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and oxidative stress in preclinical chronic mountain sickness (excessive erythrocytosis)","volume":"186","author":"Julian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/152702900320658","article-title":"Oxygen saturation increases during childhood and decreases during adulthood among high altitude native Tibetians residing at 3800\u20134200 m","volume":"1","author":"Beall","year":"2000","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5740","article-title":"Adaptation to Life in the High Andes: Nocturnal Oxyhemoglobin Saturation in Early Development","volume":"39","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2019.0077","article-title":"Oxygen Saturation in Childhood at High Altitude: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Ucros","year":"2020","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798310","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.798310","article-title":"Breathing Patterns and Oxygenation Saturation during Sleep in Children Habitually Living at High Altitude in the Andes: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Ucros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13341","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13341","article-title":"Normal values for respiratory sleep polygraphy in children aged 4 to 9 years at 2560 m above sea level","volume":"30","author":"Ucros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01411.x","article-title":"High altitude exposure impairs sleep patterns, mood, and cognitive functions","volume":"49","author":"Antunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000965","article-title":"Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction during High Altitude Hypoxia Training in Military Aircrew","volume":"23","author":"Nation","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"28","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional processing at high altitude","volume":"76","author":"Pavlicek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00944","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.944","article-title":"Exploring the impact of chronic high-altitude exposure on visual spatial attention using the ERP approach","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.07.062","article-title":"Evidence of brain damage after high-altitude climbing by means of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"119","author":"Fayed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33596","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33596","article-title":"Reversible Brain Abnormalities in People without Signs of Mountain Sickness during High-Altitude Exposure","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2011.1073","article-title":"Compromised white matter microstructural integrity after mountain climbing: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00512","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.512","article-title":"Long-term acclimatization to high-altitude hypoxia modifies interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in the adult brain","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915995","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.915995","article-title":"The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.02.001","article-title":"Neurophysiological evidence for cognitive and brain functional adaptation in adolescents living at high altitude","volume":"122","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.09.011","article-title":"Living on higher ground reduces child neurodevelopment-evidence from South America","volume":"162","author":"Wehby","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715577137","article-title":"Association between Altitude and Regional Variation of ADHD in Youth","volume":"22","author":"Huber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallet, R.T., Burtscher, J., Pialoux, V., Pasha, Q., Ahmad, Y., Millet, G.P., and Burtscher, M. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021698"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00561.2016","article-title":"Pregnancy at high altitude in the Andes leads to increased total vessel density in healthy newborns","volume":"121","author":"Gassmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.88","article-title":"Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation at extreme high altitude even after acclimatization","volume":"31","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2006.7.28","article-title":"Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after an expedition to high altitudes","volume":"7","author":"Merz","year":"2006","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00909.x","article-title":"Development of aptitude at altitude","volume":"13","author":"Hogan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2014.1009","article-title":"Cognitive impairments at high altitudes and adaptation","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00241-1","article-title":"Altered resting-state networks may explain the executive impairment in young health immigrants into high-altitude area","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-02963-0","article-title":"Biologists who decoded how cells sense oxygen win medicine Nobel","volume":"574","author":"Ledford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22575","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600288200","article-title":"Cell-specific regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and HIF-2alpha stabilization and transactivation in a graded oxygen environment","volume":"281","author":"Bracken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7943","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7943","article-title":"Genetic changes in the EPAS1 gene between Tibetan and Han ethnic groups and adaptation to the plateau hypoxic environment","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.460","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha-expressing interstitial fibroblasts are the only renal cells that express erythropoietin under hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization","volume":"77","author":"Paliege","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130321","article-title":"The HIF pathway and erythrocytosis","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75838-4","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha is crucial for proper brain development","volume":"10","author":"Kleszka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"305","article-title":"Studies on erythropoiesis. VII. The role of the kidney in the production of erythropoietin","volume":"70","author":"Jacobson","year":"1957","journal-title":"Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimakova, P., Solar, P., Solarova, Z., Komel, R., and Debeljak, N. (2017). Erythropoietin and Its Angiogenic Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071519"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0006","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0006-21.2021","article-title":"Erythropoietin Stimulates GABAergic Maturation in the Mouse Hippocampus","volume":"8","author":"Khalid","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01551-5","article-title":"Introducing the brain erythropoietin circle to explain adaptive brain hardware upgrade and improved performance","volume":"27","author":"Ehrenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02465-8","article-title":"Erythropoietin promotes hippocampal mitochondrial function and enhances cognition in mice","volume":"4","author":"Jacobs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-008-9107-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of adaptive angiogenesis to tissue hypoxia","volume":"11","author":"Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11946","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182296499","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"99","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13893","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13893","article-title":"The blunted vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) response to high-altitude hypoxia and genetic variants in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene in Sherpa highlanders","volume":"10","author":"Droma","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1121","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is associated with chronic mountain sickness in the Andean population","volume":"15","author":"Espinoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00363","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain","volume":"13","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"52","article-title":"IGF-I: A Key Growth Factor that Regulates Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis from Embryonic to Adult Stages of the Brain","volume":"10","author":"Defterali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.527bk.x","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for normal development of the central respiratory rhythm in mice","volume":"510","author":"Balkowiec","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-17-05361.1996","article-title":"Mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor exhibit visceral sensory neuron losses distinct from mice lacking NT4 and display a severe developmental deficit in control of breathing","volume":"16","author":"Erickson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12320","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor interacts with astrocytes and neurons to control respiration","volume":"38","author":"Caravagna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2016.1886","article-title":"Effect of Interval and Continuous Aerobic Training on Basal Serum and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Values in Seniors: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies","volume":"20","author":"Enette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01337","article-title":"Daily Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia Over 2 Weeks Reduces BDNF Plasma Levels in Young Adults\u2014A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study","volume":"9","author":"Becke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00484.2010","article-title":"Effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the hormonal response to hypothalamic factors","volume":"299","author":"Richalet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-010-9561-5","article-title":"Continuous expression of HIF-1alpha in neural stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"31","author":"Roitbak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.19.6739-6749.2003","article-title":"Defective brain development in mice lacking the Hif-1alpha gene in neural cells","volume":"23","author":"Tomita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.44","article-title":"Integration of CNS survival and differentiation by HIF2alpha","volume":"18","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2827","article-title":"Capturing adenylyl cyclases as potential drug targets","volume":"8","author":"Pierre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-5-14","article-title":"The molecular biology of memory: cAMP, PKA, CRE, CREB-1, CREB-2, and CPEB","volume":"5","author":"Kandel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1104","article-title":"Phosphodiesterases in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"64","author":"Bollen","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seaayfan, E., Nasrah, S., Quell, L., Radi, A., Kleim, M., Schermuly, R.T., Weber, S., Laghmani, K., and Komhoff, M. (2022). Reciprocal Regulation of MAGED2 and HIF-1alpha Augments Their Expression under Hypoxia: Role of cAMP and PKA Type II. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213424"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09549-8","article-title":"Hypoxia induces cancer-associated cAMP\/PKA signalling through HIF-mediated transcriptional control of adenylyl cyclases VI and VII","volume":"7","author":"Simko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2174\/18744672113069990029","article-title":"The bioanalytical molecular pharmacology of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor nexus and the oxygen-responsive transcription factor HIF-1alpha: Putative mechanisms and regulatory pathways unravel the intimate hypoxia connection","volume":"6","author":"Haddad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861215","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2022.861215","article-title":"cAMP-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity at the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminal","volume":"14","author":"Shahoha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.02.001","article-title":"CREB\u2019s control of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity: Implications for CREB-dependent memory models","volume":"33","author":"Benito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Signorile, A., and De Rasmo, D. (2023). Mitochondrial Complex I, a Possible Sensible Site of cAMP Pathway in Aging. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020221"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03514-6","article-title":"Proteomic and clinical biomarkers for acute mountain sickness in a longitudinal cohort","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126","article-title":"The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease","volume":"20","author":"Logan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03707.x","article-title":"Fidelity and spatio-temporal control in MAP kinase (ERKs) signalling","volume":"270","author":"Pouyssegur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"17","article-title":"Chronic hypoxia induces the activation of the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway and stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis in wild-type and APPswe-PS1DeltaE9 transgenic mice in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Abbott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"3547","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-ischemia (Review)","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13506","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310164200","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt is required for heat shock proteins to protect hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha from pVHL-independent degradation","volume":"279","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15162","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111162200","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt signaling is neither required for hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1 alpha nor sufficient for HIF-1-dependent target gene transcription","volume":"277","author":"Arsham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191032","article-title":"GABAB Receptor-Mediated PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Cell Injury in a Rat Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"76","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.01.014","article-title":"Additive neuroprotection of GABA A and GABA B receptor agonists in cerebral ischemic injury via PI-3K\/Akt pathway inhibiting the ASK1-JNK cascade","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.121","article-title":"Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway promotes neuroprotection of the delta-opioid receptor agonist against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat models","volume":"93","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00976-3","article-title":"Caveolin-1 accelerates hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in high-altitude cerebral edema","volume":"20","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607711","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.607711","article-title":"Neuroprotective Role of Akt in Hypoxia Adaptation in Andeans","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.028","article-title":"Nitric oxide in adaptation to altitude","volume":"52","author":"Beall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00780.2014","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 modulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase induced by eccentric exercise","volume":"118","author":"Almar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6158","article-title":"Central role of eNOS in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Heiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.69.1","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in central synaptic transmission: Effects on neurotransmitter release","volume":"69","author":"Kuriyama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00190","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in pre-synaptic plasticity and homeostasis","volume":"7","author":"Hardingham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603073341003","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for high-altitude pulmonary edema","volume":"334","author":"Scherrer","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0744","article-title":"Erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production by endothelial cells","volume":"104","author":"Cokic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.214353","article-title":"Erythropoietin activates mitochondrial biogenesis and couples red cell mass to mitochondrial mass in the heart","volume":"106","author":"Carraway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976961","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.976961","article-title":"Erythropoietin receptor regulates tumor mitochondrial biogenesis through iNOS and pAKT","volume":"12","author":"Aboouf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/35093117","article-title":"S-nitrosothiols signal the ventilatory response to hypoxia","volume":"413","author":"Lipton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154888","article-title":"Nitric oxide modulates ventilatory responses to hypoxia in the developing rat","volume":"155","author":"Gozal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000222418.99976.1d","article-title":"Hypoxia-mediated degradation of Na,K-ATPase via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the ubiquitin-conjugating system","volume":"98","author":"Comellas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9092328","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9092328","article-title":"Basal Glutathionylation of Na,K-ATPase alpha-Subunit Depends on Redox Status of Cells during the Enzyme Biosynthesis","volume":"2016","author":"Mitkevich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19907","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.554451","article-title":"Glutathione adducts on sarcoplasmic\/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Cys-674 regulate endothelial cell calcium stores and angiogenic function as well as promote ischemic blood flow recovery","volume":"289","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.30.17771","article-title":"Dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation properties of hypoxia-inducible factor 1","volume":"271","author":"Jiang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000109455","article-title":"Increase in carotid body sensitivity during sustained hypoxia","volume":"4","author":"Bisgard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Signals"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647822","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.647822","article-title":"Mice and Rats Display Different Ventilatory, Hematological, and Metabolic Features of Acclimatization to Hypoxia","volume":"12","author":"Soliz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.6.1874","article-title":"Ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia is not dependent on arterial hypoxemia","volume":"58","author":"Busch","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.3.1003","article-title":"Carotid bodies are required for ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia","volume":"60","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271050","article-title":"Regulation of ventilatory sensitivity and carotid body proliferation in hypoxia by the PHD2\/HIF-2 pathway","volume":"594","author":"Hodson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022634199","article-title":"Defective carotid body function and impaired ventilatory responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha","volume":"99","author":"Kline","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.11.012","article-title":"PI3K and MEK1\/2 molecular pathways are involved in the erythropoietin-mediated regulation of the central respiratory command","volume":"206","author":"Caravagna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1837","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90967.2008","article-title":"Sex-dependent regulation of hypoxic ventilation in mice and humans is mediated by erythropoietin","volume":"296","author":"Soliz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"90","article-title":"Oxygen-sensing by arterial chemoreceptors: Mechanisms and medical translation","volume":"47","author":"Macias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00225","article-title":"Sensory Processing and Integration at the Carotid Body Tripartite Synapse: Neurotransmitter Functions and Effects of Chronic Hypoxia","volume":"9","author":"Leonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2572-1_6","article-title":"Neurotransmitters in the carotid body","volume":"360","author":"Prabhakar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114427","article-title":"Physiology of the Carotid Body: From Molecules to Disease","volume":"82","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727326","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.727326","article-title":"Erythropoietin Produces a Dual Effect on Carotid Body Chemoreception in Male Rats","volume":"12","author":"Laouafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13754","article-title":"The role of hypoxia in stem cell regulation of the central nervous system: From embryonic development to adult proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08722","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08722","article-title":"Localized hypoxia within the subgranular zone determines the early survival of newborn hippocampal granule cells","volume":"4","author":"Chatzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03248-4","article-title":"Hypoxia Induces Early Neurogenesis in Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells by Activating the WNT Pathway","volume":"60","author":"Dey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.12.002","article-title":"Genetic inactivation of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) in adult hippocampal progenitors impairs neurogenesis and pattern discrimination learning","volume":"157","author":"Carrica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00807-3","article-title":"FG-4592 Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors through HIF-1-Mediated Neurogenesis and Synapse Plasticity in Rats","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16713","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4590-13.2014","article-title":"Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is required for neural stem cell maintenance and vascular stability in the adult mouse SVZ","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-021-02600-8","article-title":"(H)IF applicable: Promotion of neurogenesis by induced HIF-2 signalling after ischaemia","volume":"473","author":"Leu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15041-1","article-title":"Functional hypoxia drives neuroplasticity and neurogenesis via brain erythropoietin","volume":"11","author":"Wakhloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-021-02601-7","article-title":"HIF-2: An important player in neuronal response to ischemia","volume":"473","author":"Gassmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.02.011","article-title":"Chronic mild hypoxia promotes hippocampal neurogenesis involving Notch1 signaling in epileptic rats","volume":"1714","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"15","article-title":"Resistance of subventricular neural stem cells to chronic hypoxemia despite structural disorganization of the germinal center and impairment of neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival","volume":"3","author":"Pardal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypoxia"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02750-5","article-title":"Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces Deficits in Adult Neurogenesis and Social Interaction via Cyclooxygenase-1\/EP1 Receptor Pathway Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"59","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2020.0127","article-title":"NMDA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitude","volume":"22","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.07.003","article-title":"High altitude memory impairment is due to neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus, cortex and striatum","volume":"36","author":"Maiti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.10.007","article-title":"Neuronal and vascular deficits following chronic adaptation to high altitude","volume":"311","author":"Cramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.08.059","article-title":"Relationship between HIF-1alpha expression and neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain injury","volume":"1180","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"4517","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia ischemia on caspase-3 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the brain of neonatal mice","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08212-4","article-title":"Permissive hypercapnia and hypercapnic hypoxia inhibit signaling pathways of neuronal apoptosis in ischemic\/hypoxic rats","volume":"50","author":"Tregub","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090441","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4090441","article-title":"Suppression of CHOP Reduces Neuronal Apoptosis and Rescues Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia by Inhibiting Bax and Bak Activation","volume":"2021","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1898134","article-title":"By targeting apoptosis facilitator BCL2L13, microRNA miR-484 alleviates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7879","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1745-04.2004","article-title":"The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathway mediates Bax activation and subsequent neuronal apoptosis through interaction with Bim after transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"24","author":"Okuno","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"165","article-title":"Effects of caspase-3 inhibitor on the neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex after ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616871","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2616871","article-title":"Involvement of the miR-137-3p\/CAPN-2 Interaction in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis through Modulation of p35 Cleavage and Subsequent Caspase-8 Overactivation","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5752","article-title":"Release of caspase-9 from mitochondria during neuronal apoptosis and cerebral ischemia","volume":"96","author":"Krajewski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.12.002","article-title":"Astrocyte GGTI-mediated Rac1 prenylation upregulates NF-kappaB expression and promotes neuronal apoptosis following hypoxia\/ischemia","volume":"103","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03752-4","article-title":"Purpurogallin Reverses Neuronal Apoptosis and Enhances \u201cM2\u201d Polarization of Microglia Under Ischemia via Mediating the miR-124-3p\/TRAF6\/NF-kappaB Axis","volume":"48","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01739-8","article-title":"Zhongfeng Capsules protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via mediating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/Akt and toll-like receptor 4\/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways by regulating neuronal apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.02.017","article-title":"Isoquercetin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ischemia\/reperfusion injury via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the NOX4\/ROS\/NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"284","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Luan, Y., Lu, B., Zhang, H., Luo, Y.N., and Ge, P. (2014). Protection of ischemic postconditioning against neuronal apoptosis induced by transient focal ischemia is associated with attenuation of NF-kappaB\/p65 activation. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096734"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1180","article-title":"Transplantation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells attenuates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and nuclear factor-kappaB expression","volume":"31","author":"Qiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Low-dose lipopolysaccharide inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via the PI3K\/Akt\/FoxO1 signaling pathway in rats","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1419-4","article-title":"Remifentanil postconditioning improves global cerebral ischemia-induced spatial learning and memory deficit in rats via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K signaling pathway","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00979","article-title":"Ligustilide Attenuates Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K\/Akt Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2021.1976794","article-title":"Effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K\/AKT pathway-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.F., Tsai, H.Y., Wu, K.J., Siao, L.R., and Wood, W.G. (2013). Pipoxolan ameliorates cerebral ischemia via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and intimal hyperplasia through attenuation of VSMC migration and modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2\/9 and Ras\/MEK\/ERK signaling pathways. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075654"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.08.053","article-title":"JLX001 Ameliorates Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Neuronal Apoptosis via Down-Regulating JNK Signaling Pathway","volume":"418","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-9-36","article-title":"Astragalus injection protects cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and the expression of JNK3 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.05.001","article-title":"AMPK activates FOXO3a and promotes neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain during the early phase after hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153526","article-title":"Arctium lappa L. roots ameliorates cerebral ischemia through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and suppressing AMPK\/mTOR-mediated autophagy","volume":"85","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5603\/FHC.a2021.0007","article-title":"miR-378a-5p regulates CAMKK2\/AMPK pathway to contribute to cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury-induced neuronal apoptosis","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Folia Histochem. Cytobiol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.02.024","article-title":"Adiponectin attenuates neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia-ischemia via the activation of AdipoR1\/APPL1\/LKB1\/AMPK pathway in neonatal rats","volume":"133","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2011.50.6.481","article-title":"Serial expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of rats with chronic ischemic brain","volume":"50","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01237-y","article-title":"Empagliflozin alleviates neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury through HIF-1alpha\/VEGF signaling pathway","volume":"43","author":"Rifaai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"1027","article-title":"HIF-1alpha attenuates neuronal apoptosis by upregulating EPO expression following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat MCAO model","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5323-07.2008","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the cell type-specific roles of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in neurons and astrocytes","volume":"28","author":"Vangeison","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06781.x","article-title":"Retinal neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression in photoreceptors","volume":"29","author":"Thiersch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7204","article-title":"Normoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factors in photoreceptors provides transient protection against light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"52","author":"Lange","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"5082","article-title":"Sevoflurane inhibits neuronal apoptosis and expressions of HIF-1 and HSP70 in brain tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04652.x","article-title":"Multiple effects of 2ME2 and D609 on the cortical expression of HIF-1alpha and apoptotic genes in a middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal ischemia rat model","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7160","article-title":"HIF-1alpha and p53 promote hypoxia-induced delayed neuronal death in models of CNS ischemia","volume":"159","author":"Halterman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01469-8","article-title":"Pharmacological HIF1 Inhibition Eliminates Downregulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis in Rat Hippocampus Caused by Severe Hypoxia","volume":"70","author":"Vetrovoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4555-04.2005","article-title":"Brain-specific knock-out of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha reduces rather than increases hypoxic-ischemic damage","volume":"25","author":"Helton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15624933","article-title":"Neuronal HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha deficiency improves neuronal survival and sensorimotor function in the early acute phase after ischemic stroke","volume":"37","author":"Barteczek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6320","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0449-07.2007","article-title":"Neuron-specific inactivation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha increases brain injury in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"27","author":"Baranova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96150-9","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the mouse retina after acute and chronic normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia","volume":"11","author":"Ebner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2005.03.004","article-title":"Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning: HIF-1 and erythropoietin protect from retinal degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nm723","article-title":"HIF-1-induced erythropoietin in the hypoxic retina protects against light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Grimm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"3952","article-title":"HIF1alpha and physiological responses to hypoxia are correlated in mice but not in rats","volume":"219","author":"Shahare","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096485","article-title":"Neural activity triggers neuronal oxidative metabolism followed by astrocytic glycolysis","volume":"305","author":"Kasischke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1980.tb04616.x","article-title":"The development of enzymes of energy metabolism in the brain of a precocial (guinea pig) and non-precocial (rat) species","volume":"34","author":"Booth","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91298-1","article-title":"Local tissue oxygen tension-cytochrome a,a3 redox relationships in rat cerebral cortex in vivo","volume":"218","author":"Kreisman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(95)00129-8","article-title":"Effect of hypoxia and glucose deprivation on ATP level, adenylate energy charge and [Ca2+]o-dependent and independent release of [3H]dopamine in rat striatal slices","volume":"28","author":"Milusheva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65041692.x","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro ischemia-induced disturbances in energy metabolism and protein synthesis in the hippocampus of rats and gerbils","volume":"65","author":"Paschen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.03.004","article-title":"Effect of protein kinases on lactate dehydrogenase activity in cortical neurons during hypoxia","volume":"1009","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:32:3:251","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced changes in neuronal network properties","volume":"32","author":"Pena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91283-2","article-title":"Increased glucose improves recovery of neuronal function after cerebral hypoxia in vitro","volume":"421","author":"Schurr","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.4.1830","article-title":"Glycolysis prevents anoxia-induced synaptic transmission damage in rat hippocampal slices","volume":"83","author":"Tian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"H1102","article-title":"Cerebral oxidative metabolism and redox state during hypoxia-ischemia and early recovery in immature rats","volume":"261","author":"Yager","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2149-9","article-title":"Glucose and Intermediary Metabolism and Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rat","volume":"42","author":"Brekke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1980.tb09946.x","article-title":"Glycogen metabolism in neonatal rat brain during anoxia and recovery","volume":"34","author":"Vannucci","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964877","article-title":"Lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose as substrates for the early postnatal rat brain","volume":"14","author":"Dombrowski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.84","article-title":"The brain at high altitude: Hypometabolism as a defense against chronic hypoxia?","volume":"14","author":"Hochachka","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91276-M","article-title":"Acidosis reduces NMDA receptor activation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cultures","volume":"506","author":"Giffard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91277-N","article-title":"Mild acidosis protects hippocampal neurons from injury induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation","volume":"506","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.3.1355","article-title":"Sherpa brain glucose metabolism and defense adaptations against chronic hypoxia","volume":"81","author":"Hochachka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L172","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00451.2016","article-title":"Alternative hematological and vascular adaptive responses to high-altitude hypoxia in East African highlanders","volume":"312","author":"Cheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_204","first-page":"R314","article-title":"Effects on regional brain metabolism of high-altitude hypoxia: A study of six US marines","volume":"277","author":"Hochachka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102429108","article-title":"Endogenous GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor-mediated electrical suppression is critical to neuronal anoxia tolerance","volume":"108","author":"Pamenter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245584","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245584","article-title":"Two decades of research on anoxia tolerance-mitochondria, -omics and physiological diversity","volume":"226","author":"Lefevre","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32833370cf","article-title":"Extreme hypoxia tolerance of naked mole-rat brain","volume":"20","author":"Larson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3896","article-title":"Fructose-driven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat","volume":"356","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281942","article-title":"Naked mole-rat brain mitochondria tolerate in vitro ischaemia","volume":"599","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635209002149","article-title":"Tolerance to oxygen nutrient deprivation in the hippocampal slices of the naked mole rats","volume":"8","author":"Nathaniel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.11.042","article-title":"Adult naked mole-rat brain retains the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2D associated with hypoxia tolerance in neonatal mammals","volume":"506","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00024-3","article-title":"Brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in newborn rats: Relationship to extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids and cysteine","volume":"750","author":"Sandberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"H672","article-title":"Cerebral energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia and early recovery in immature rats","volume":"262","author":"Yager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000133250.03953.63","article-title":"Secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat","volume":"24","author":"Vannucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.4049","article-title":"Cloning and functional identification of a neuronal glutamine transporter","volume":"275","author":"Varoqui","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, H., Qin, Y.A., Dhillon, R., Dowell, J., Denu, J.M., and Pamenter, M.E. (2022). Metabolomic Analysis of Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Changes Induced by Hypoxia in Naked Mole-Rat Brain and Liver. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010056"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800416686179","article-title":"The Effect of Long-Term Environmental Enrichment in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1881","article-title":"The bioenergetic and antioxidant status of neurons is controlled by continuous degradation of a key glycolytic enzyme by APC\/C-Cdh1","volume":"11","author":"Almeida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109941","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22767","article-title":"HIF-1alpha contributes to hypoxia adaptation of the naked mole rat","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2011.06.004","article-title":"Altered glucose metabolism and preserved energy charge and neuronal structures in the brain of mouse intermittently exposed to hypoxia","volume":"42","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.6.2238","article-title":"Brain adaptation to chronic hypobaric hypoxia in rats","volume":"72","author":"LaManna","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.2.896","article-title":"Hypoxia increases glucose transport at blood-brain barrier in rats","volume":"77","author":"Harik","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.1.136","article-title":"Brain glucose metabolism in hypobaric hypoxia","volume":"79","author":"Harik","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11692-P","article-title":"Reduced mitochondrial respiration in mouse cerebral cortex during chronic hypoxia","volume":"193","author":"Chavez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005341","article-title":"Altered astrocyte-neuronal interactions after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal brain in female and male rats","volume":"45","author":"Morken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Ma, X., Yu, W., Lou, Z., Mu, D., Wang, Y., Shen, B., and Qi, S. (2012). Reperfusion promotes mitochondrial dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046498"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00028","article-title":"Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13909","article-title":"Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS","volume":"515","author":"Chouchani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39836-5","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations during extreme anoxia in the turtle heart and their implications for ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"9","author":"Bundgaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahl, H.A., Johansen, A., Nilsson, G.E., and Lefevre, S. (2021). The Metabolomic Response of Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius) to Anoxia and Reoxygenation Differs between Tissues and Hints at Uncharacterized Survival Strategies. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11070435"},{"key":"ref_231","first-page":"jeb171397","article-title":"Naked mole rat brain mitochondria electron transport system flux and H(+) leak are reduced during acute hypoxia","volume":"221","author":"Pamenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pena, E., El Alam, S., Siques, P., and Brito, J. (2022). Oxidative Stress and Diseases Associated with High-Altitude Exposure. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020267"},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"12","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in the brain","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.027","article-title":"Adaptive regulation of the brain\u2019s antioxidant defences by neurons and astrocytes","volume":"100","author":"Baxter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1180-8","article-title":"Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8853","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2593","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors enhance glutamate signaling in cancer cells","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.44","article-title":"Hypoxia regulates glutamate receptor trafficking through an HIF-independent mechanism","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4838","article-title":"HIF-1alpha triggers long-lasting glutamate excitotoxicity via system x(c)(-) in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion","volume":"241","author":"Hsieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5030-06.2007","article-title":"Hypoxia suppresses glutamate transport in astrocytes","volume":"27","author":"Dallas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09582","article-title":"Dysfunction in GABA signalling mediates autism-like stereotypies and Rett syndrome phenotypes","volume":"468","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.000545","article-title":"GABAB receptor pharmacology","volume":"33","author":"Bowery","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-010-0491-9","article-title":"Alterations in cortical GABAB receptors in neonatal rats exposed to hypoxic stress: Role of glucose, oxygen, and epinephrine resuscitation","volume":"343","author":"Anju","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.10.006","article-title":"Hypoxia regulates the level of glutamic acid decarboxylase enzymes and interrupts inhibitory synapse stability in primary cultured neurons","volume":"65","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-51","article-title":"Ischemia induces different levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha protein expression in interneurons and pyramidal neurons","volume":"2","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279331","article-title":"Neuronal HIF-1alpha in the nucleus tractus solitarius contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia","volume":"598","author":"Moya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9730467","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9730467","article-title":"The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress","volume":"2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21988","article-title":"HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition augments dopamine release in the rat brain in vivo","volume":"87","author":"Witten","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06917.x","article-title":"HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition increases cell viability and potentiates dopamine release in dopaminergic cells","volume":"115","author":"Johansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.03.016","article-title":"Deferoxamine-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha prevents dopaminergic neuronal death via the activation of MAPK family proteins in MPTP-treated mice","volume":"280","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000356","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter by nuclear receptor ERRgamma in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"26","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bence, M., Kereszturi, E., Mozes, V., Sasvari-Szekely, M., and Keszler, G. (2009). Hypoxia-induced transcription of dopamine D3 and D4 receptors in human neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells. BMC Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-92"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.042307.110802","article-title":"The expanded biology of serotonin","volume":"60","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.3.329","article-title":"Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin","volume":"84","author":"Eddahibi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00181","article-title":"Effect of Hypoxia on the Function of the Human Serotonin(1A) Receptor","volume":"13","author":"Dutta","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10388","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10388","article-title":"Axotomy-induced HIF-serotonin signalling axis promotes axon regeneration in C. elegans","volume":"7","author":"Alam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1983.tb12659.x","article-title":"Effects of in vivo hypoxia on acetylcholine synthesis by rat brain synaptosomes","volume":"40","author":"Booth","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00726.2003","article-title":"Acetylcholine release from the carotid body by hypoxia: Evidence for the involvement of autoinhibitory receptors","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb02373.x","article-title":"Impaired synthesis of acetylcholine by mild hypoxic hypoxia or nitrous oxide","volume":"36","author":"Gibson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-022-00935-y","article-title":"In utero hypoxia attenuated acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation via CHRM3\/p-NOS3 in fetal sheep MCA: Role of ROS\/ERK1\/2","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C951","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00512.2010","article-title":"Hypoxia. 4. Hypoxia and ion channel function","volume":"300","author":"Shimoda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00650-2","article-title":"Effect of hypoxia on membrane potential and resting conductance in rat hippocampal neurons","volume":"91","author":"Hyllienmark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.755bm.x","article-title":"Hypoxia activates ATP-dependent potassium channels in inspiratory neurones of neonatal mice","volume":"509","author":"Mironov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02043-4","article-title":"A critical role for the inward rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1 in oligodendrocytes of the mouse optic nerve","volume":"225","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_264","first-page":"R1321","article-title":"Channel arrest: Implications from membrane resistance in turtle neurons","volume":"261","author":"Doll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00506.2010","article-title":"Regulation of AMPA receptor currents by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels in anoxic turtle neurons","volume":"104","author":"Zivkovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2903551","article-title":"Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation","volume":"242","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0168-9","article-title":"Carbamoylated erythropoietin modulates cognitive outcomes of social defeat and differentially regulates gene expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus","volume":"8","author":"Sathyanesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiat"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2014.12.011","article-title":"Erythropoietin improves synaptic plasticity and memory deficits by decrease of the neurotransmitter release probability in the rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Tazangi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22142","article-title":"A Role for Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Proteins in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity","volume":"23","author":"Corcoran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5134329","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5134329","article-title":"Dendritic Cells under Hypoxia: How Oxygen Shortage Affects the Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity","volume":"2016","author":"Winning","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22584","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.421636","article-title":"cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-kappaB transcription factors are activated during prolonged hypoxia and cooperatively regulate the induction of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1","volume":"288","author":"Nakayama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/12\/10179\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:55:40Z","timestamp":1760126140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/12\/10179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":271,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241210179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241210179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]}}}