{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:26:51Z","timestamp":1787610411422,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intolerance to dairy products resulting from the abnormal digestion of milk sugar (lactose) is a common cause of human gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to show that the -13910 C&gt;T LCT gene polymorphism, together with genotypes of selected VDR gene polymorphisms and diet and nutritional status parameters, can impact the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in young adults. This study was conducted on a group of 63 people, which comprised 21 individuals with primary adult lactase deficiency, and a control group of 42 individuals with no hypolactasia. The LCT and VDR gene genotypes were assessed using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. A validated HPLC method was used to determine serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine calcium levels. Their diets (self-reported 7-day estimated food record), estimated calcium intakes based on the ADOS-Ca questionnaire and basic anthropometric parameters were assessed. The CC genotype associated with hypolactasia was found in 33.3% of the subjects. The presence of the CC variant of the LCT gene polymorphism in the study group of young Polish adults was found to be associated with significantly lower milk (134.7 \u00b1 66.7 g\/d vs. 342.5 \u00b1 176 g\/d; p = 0.012) and dairy product consumption (78.50 \u00b1 36.2 g\/d vs. 216.3 \u00b1 102 g\/d; p = 0.008) compared with lactase persistence. At the same time, people with adult-type primary intolerance were found to have statistically significant lower serum levels of vitamin D and calcium (p &lt; 0.05). There was a higher chance of vitamin D and calcium deficiency and a lower intake in the group exhibiting lactase non-persistence (OR &gt; 1). The AA variant of the VDR gene\u2019s BsmI polymorphism present in people with hypolactasia may further contribute to an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Exclusion of lactose from the diet, combined with impaired vitamin D metabolism, may also lead to inhibited calcium absorption by the body. Further research should be carried out on a larger group of subjects to clarify the relationship between lactase activity and vitamin D and calcium levels in young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1686879091000},"page":"10191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Comprehensive Look at the -13910 C&gt;T LCT Gene Polymorphism as a Molecular Marker for Vitamin D and Calcium Levels in Young Adults in Central and Eastern Europe: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kowal\u00f3wka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kosewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lipi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-647 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliusz","family":"Przys\u0142awski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Frequency of Lactase Persistence Genotype in a Healthy Polish Population","volume":"6","author":"Witas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cent. 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