{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:58:54Z","timestamp":1787662734410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#PPM-00500-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PPM-00500-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#APQ 01637-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#APQ 01637-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosoma mansoni eggs retained in host tissues induce innate cytokine release, contributing to the induction of Type-2 immune responses and granuloma formation, important to restrain cytotoxic antigens, but leading to fibrosis. Interleukin(IL)-33 participates in experimental models of inflammation and chemically induced fibrosis, but its role in S. mansoni-induced fibrosis is still unknown. To explore the role of the IL-33\/suppressor of the tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) pathway, serum and liver cytokine levels, liver histopathology, and collagen deposition were comparatively evaluated in S. mansoni-infected wild-type (WT) and IL-33-receptor knockout (ST2\u2212\/\u2212) BALB\/c mice. Our data show similar egg counts and hydroxyproline in the livers of infected WT and ST2\u2212\/\u2212 mice; however, the extracellular matrix in ST2\u2212\/\u2212 granulomas was loose and disorganised. Pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as IL-13 and IL-17, and the tissue-repairing IL-22 were significantly lower in ST2\u2212\/\u2212 mice, especially in chronic schistosomiasis. ST2\u2212\/\u2212 mice also showed decreased \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression in granuloma cells, in addition to reduced Col III and Col VI mRNA levels and reticular fibres. Therefore, IL-33\/ST2 signalling is essential for tissue repairing and myofibroblast activation during S. mansoni infection. Its disruption results in inappropriate granuloma organisation, partly due to the reduced type III and VI collagen and reticular fibre formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1686905761000},"page":"10237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of the IL-33\/ST2 Activation Pathway in the Development of the Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma mansoni Granulomas in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Maggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genil Moror\u00f3 Ara\u00fajo","family":"Camelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabella Chrystina","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Curso de Enfermagem, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Sa\u00fade, Universidade 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