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Research","award":["R01AR073236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spinal cord has a poor ability to regenerate after an injury, which may be due to cell loss, cyst formation, inflammation, and scarring. A promising approach to treating a spinal cord injury (SCI) is the use of biomaterials. We have developed a novel hydrogel scaffold fabricated from oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) as a 0.08 mm thick sheet containing polymer ridges and a cell-attractive surface on the other side. When the cells are cultured on OPF via chemical patterning, the cells attach, align, and deposit ECM along the direction of the pattern. Animals implanted with the rolled scaffold sheets had greater hindlimb recovery compared to that of the multichannel scaffold control, which is likely due to the greater number of axons growing across it. The immune cell number (microglia or hemopoietic cells: 50\u2013120 cells\/mm2 in all conditions), scarring (5\u201310% in all conditions), and ECM deposits (Laminin or Fibronectin: approximately 10\u201320% in all conditions) were equal in all conditions. Overall, the results suggest that the scaffold sheets promote axon outgrowth that can be guided across the scaffold, thereby promoting hindlimb recovery. This study provides a hydrogel scaffold construct that can be used in vitro for cell characterization or in vivo for future neuroprosthetics, devices, or cell and ECM delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T10:19:22Z","timestamp":1686910762000},"page":"10250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Open-Spaced Ridged Hydrogel Scaffolds Containing TiO2-Self-Assembled Monolayer of Phosphonates Promote Regeneration and Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahad M.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Rangnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina J.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingkun K.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi L.","family":"Silvernail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammy","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarred J.","family":"Nesbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1012-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean E.","family":"Schwarzbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yaszemski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Windebank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas N.","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jallo, J., and Vaccaro, A. 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