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Salvia miltiorrhiza is distributed in the Sichuan province of China (here called SC). Under natural conditions, it does not bear seeds and its sterility mechanism is still unclear. Through artificial cross, there was defective pistil and partial pollen abortion in these plants. Electron microscopy results showed that the defective pollen wall was caused by delayed degradation of the tapetum. Due to the lack of starch and organelle, the abortive pollen grains showed shrinkage. RNA-seq was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of pollen abortion. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the pathways of phytohormone, starch, lipid, pectin, and phenylpropanoid affected the fertility of S. miltiorrhiza. Moreover, some differentially expressed genes involved in starch synthesis and plant hormone signaling were identified. These results contribute to the molecular mechanism of pollen sterility and provide a more theoretical foundation for molecular-assisted breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T01:31:14Z","timestamp":1687138274000},"page":"10259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anatomy and Comparative Transcriptome Reveal the Mechanism of Male Sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8502-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqiu","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiwu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Breeding Technology of Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13509","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13509","article-title":"Plants in the Management of Male Infertility","volume":"52","author":"Abarikwu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-014-0368-1","article-title":"Instability in Mitochondrial Membranes in Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Brassica rapa ssp","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"chinensis. 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