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Increasing evidence has shown a close relationship between the occurrence of fatty liver disease and the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Studies have proven that taurine can regulate hepatic fat metabolism, reduce hepatic fatty deposition, inhibit oxidative stress, and alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which taurine regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in hepatocytes need to be further studied. In this study, we determined the effects and mechanisms of taurine on high-energy low-protein diet-induced FLHS in laying hens and in cultured hepatocytes in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis. The liver function, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and biosynthesis were detected. The results showed impaired liver structure and function, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, lipid accumulation, and imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitochondrial autophagy, and biosynthesis in both FLHS hens and steatosis hepatocytes. Taurine administration can significantly inhibit the occurrence of FLHS, protect mitochondria in hepatocytes from disease induced by lipid accumulation and FFA, up-regulate the expression levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, LC3I, LC3II, PINK1, PGC-1\u03b1, Nrf1, Nrf2, and Tfam, and down-regulate the expression levels of Fis1, Drp1, and p62. In conclusion, taurine can protect laying hens from FLHS through the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, including the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and biosynthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T01:37:38Z","timestamp":1687225058000},"page":"10360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Taurine Protects against the Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens through the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jishuang","family":"San","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1844","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A feature of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Marchesini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22603","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Selected practical issues in their evaluation and management","volume":"49","author":"Vuppalanchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i2.231","article-title":"Digital liver biopsy: Bio-imaging of fatty liver for translational and clinical research","volume":"10","author":"Mancini","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. 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