{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1760148707597,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maxillofacial surgery placement of fixatures (Leonard Buttons, LB) at close proximity to surgical incisions provides a potential reservoir as a secondary local factor to advanced periodontal disease, with bacterial formation around failed fixatures implicating plaque. To address infection rates, we aimed to surface coat LB and Titanium (Ti) discs using a novel form of chlorhexidine (CHX), CHX-CaCl2 and 0.2% CHX digluconate mouthwash as a comparison. CHX-CaCl2 coated, double-coated and mouthwash coated LB and Ti discs were transferred to 1 mL artificial saliva (AS) at specified time points, and UV-Visible spectroscopy (254 nm) was used to measure CHX release. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured using collected aliquots against bacterial strains. Specimens were characterized using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM displayed copious dendritic crystals on LB\/ Ti disc surfaces. Drug release from double-coated CHX-CaCl2 was 14 days (Ti discs) and 6 days (LB) above MIC, compared to the comparison group (20 min). The ZOI for the CHX-CaCl2 coated groups was significantly different within groups (p &lt; 0.05). CHX-CaCl2 surface crystallization is a new drug technology for controlled and sustained CHX release; its antibacterial effectiveness makes this drug an ideal adjunct following clinical and surgical procedures to maintain oral hygiene and prevent surgical site infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T13:42:06Z","timestamp":1686058926000},"page":"9801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial CHX-CaCl2 Coatings on Maxillofacial Fixatures for Infection Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hawraa F.","family":"Alostath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart\u2019s and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domniki","family":"Chatzopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart\u2019s and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 1FR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6213-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gleb","family":"Sukhorukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cattell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart\u2019s and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2019.11.002","article-title":"British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons\u2019 National Facial Injury Surveys: Hard tissue facial injuries presenting to UK emergency departments","volume":"58","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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