{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1780368607682,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2018","award":["35\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2018","award":["004\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2018","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2020","award":["35\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2020","award":["004\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FAPEAP, SESA\/AP, DECIT, CNPq\u2014PPSUS Program 2020","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["35\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["004\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and, when dysregulated, may cause serious complications. Losartan (LOS) blocks relevant physiological aspects of hypertension, acting mainly on the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. Complications of hypertension include nephropathy, in which diagnosis is based on the observation of functional or structural renal dysfunction. Therefore, blood pressure control is essential to attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, 1H NMR metabolomics were used to differentiate hypertensive and chronic renal patients. Plasmatic levels of LOS and EXP3174, obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with mass-mass spectroscopy, were correlated with blood pressure control, biochemical markers and the metabolomic fingerprint of the groups. Some biomarkers have been correlated with key aspects of hypertension and CKD progression. For instance, higher levels of trigonelline, urea and fumaric acid were found as characteristic markers of kidney failure. In the hypertensive group, the urea levels found could indicate the onset of kidney damage when associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. In this sense, the results point to a new approach to identify CKD in early stages and may contribute to improving pharmacotherapy and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension and CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T02:28:45Z","timestamp":1686104925000},"page":"9832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabolomic Profile and Its Correlation with the Plasmatic Levels of Losartan, EXP3174 and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ingrid Souza Reis","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology and Microbiology, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6024-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Martin-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Resonancia Magnetica, \u00c1rea de Infraestruturas de Investigaci\u00f3n, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15072 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6083-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Gomes","family":"Tavares J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology and Microbiology, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila Ayres","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology and Microbiology, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edlian Grace","family":"da Silva S\u00f3lon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology and Microbiology, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7366-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco F\u00e1bio Oliveira de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology and Microbiology, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20201238","article-title":"Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens\u00e3o Arterial\u20142020","volume":"116","author":"Barroso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq. 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