{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:43:41Z","timestamp":1789796621886,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Eye Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY032859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY032859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Eye Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY027311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY027311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Eye Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health Center Core","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY032859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY032859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health Center Core","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY027311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY027311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Institutes of Health Center Core","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal ischemia\u2013reperfusion (IR)\u2014which ultimately results in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death\u2014is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. IR results in various types of programmed cell death (PCD), which are of particular importance since they can be prevented by inhibiting the activity of their corresponding signaling cascades. To study the PCD pathways in ischemic RGCs, we used a mouse model of retinal IR and a variety of approaches including RNA-seq analysis, knockout animals, and animals treated with an iron chelator. In our RNA-seq analysis, we utilized RGCs isolated from retinas 24 h after IR. In ischemic RGCs, we found increased expression of many genes that regulate apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis\/ferroptosis, and parthanatos. Our data indicate that genetic ablation of death receptors protects RGCs from IR. We showed that the signaling cascades regulating ferrous iron (Fe2+) metabolism undergo significant changes in ischemic RGCs, leading to retinal damage after IR. This data suggests that the activation of death receptors and increased Fe2+ production in ischemic RGCs promote the simultaneous activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis\/ferroptosis, and parthanatos pathways. Thus, a therapy is needed that concurrently regulates the activity of the multiple PCD pathways to reduce RGC death after IR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T03:29:48Z","timestamp":1686194988000},"page":"9892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Various Forms of Programmed Cell Death Are Concurrently Activated in the Population of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Ischemia and Reperfusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Galina","family":"Dvoriantchikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Adis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Lypka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2003.12.001","article-title":"Retinal ischemia: Mechanisms of damage and potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"23","author":"Osborne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. 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