{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:03:35Z","timestamp":1789034615528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous mutation of the FBN1 gene. MFS patients present oxidative stress that disturbs redox homeostasis. Redox homeostasis depends in part on the enzymatic antioxidant system, which includes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), both of which require an adequate concentration of selenium (Se). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if Se levels are decreased in the TAA of patients with MFS since this could contribute to the formation of an aneurysm in these patients. The results show that interleukins IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 TGF-\u03b21, and TNF-\u03b1 (p \u2264 0.03), and carbonylation (p \u2264 0.03) were increased in the TAA of patients with MFS in comparison with control subjects, while Se, thiols (p = 0.02), TrxR, and GPx (p \u2264 0.001) were decreased. TLR4 and NOX1 (p \u2264 0.03), MMP9 and MMP2 (p = 0.04) and NOS2 (p &lt; 0.001) were also increased. Therefore, Se concentrations are decreased in the TAA of MFS, which can contribute to a decrease in the activities of TrxR and GPx, and thiol groups. A decrease in the activities of these enzymes can lead to the loss of redox homeostasis, which can, in turn, lead to an increase in the pro-inflammatory interleukins associated with the overexpression of MMP9 and MMP2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1687398572000},"page":"10429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reduced Levels of Selenium and Thioredoxin Reductase in the Thoracic Aorta Could Contribute to Aneurysm Formation in Patients with Marfan Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of the Cardiovascular Line, Division of the American British Cowdray Medical Center, Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Am\u00e9ricas, M\u00e9xico City 01120, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linaloe","family":"Manzano-Pech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Soria-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almilcar","family":"Morales-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar Samuel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Marroqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valent\u00edn","family":"Herrera-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Guarner-Lans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0874","article-title":"Positive correlation between the dysregulation of transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and aneurysmal pathological changes in patients with marfan syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. 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