{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:21:14Z","timestamp":1791559274110,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["HD088868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD088868"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["HD100529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD100529"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["HD100529-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD100529-02S1"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["HD101852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD101852"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tranilast (N-3, 4-dimethoxycinnamoyl anthranilic acid) is an orally administered drug with antiallergic properties and approved in Japan and the Republic of Korea for the treatment of asthma and hypertrophic scars. Previous in vitro studies indicated that tranilast reduced fibroid growth through its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of tranilast for treatment of human-derived fibroids in a mouse model. SCID mice (ovariectomized, supplemented with estrogen and progesterone) were implanted with fibroid explants and treated for two months with tranilast (50 m\/kg\/daily) or the vehicle. After sacrifice, xenografts were excised and analyzed. Tranilast was well tolerated without adverse side effects. There was a 37% reduction in tumor weight along with a significant decrease in staining for Ki67, CCND1, and E2F1; a significant increase in nuclear staining for cleaved caspase 3; and reduced staining for TGF-\u03b23 and Masson\u2019s trichrome in the tranilast treated mice. There was a significant inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin, COL3A1, CCND1, E2F1, and TGF-\u03b23 in the xenografts from the tranilast-treated mice. These promising therapeutic effects of tranilast warrant additional animal studies and human clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy for treatment of fibroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1687398572000},"page":"10465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Therapeutic Effects of Long-Term Administration of Tranilast in an Animal Model for the Treatment of Fibroids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsai-Der","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"},{"name":"The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0581-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Quintanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drake","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Khorram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"},{"name":"The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt058","article-title":"Proceedings from the Third National Institutes of Health International Congress on Advances in Uterine Leiomyoma Research: Comprehensive review, conference summary and future recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Segars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. 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