{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1781540094471,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["2017R1D1A3B04032007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3B04032007"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["2019R1A6A1A11036849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A1A11036849"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that the cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) protein plays an important role in biological progresses as an anti-apoptotic protein. Human islet amyloid peptide (hIAPP), known as amylin, is caused to pancreatic \u03b2-cell death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the function of CIAPIN1 protein on T2DM is not yet well studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CIAPIN1 protein on a hIAPP-induced RINm5F cell and T2DM animal model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The Tat-CIAPIN1 protein reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and regulated the apoptosis-related protein expression levels including COX-2, iNOS, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 in hIAPP-induced RINm5F cells. In a T2DM mice model, the Tat-CIAPIN1 protein ameliorated the pathological changes of pancreatic \u03b2-cells and reduced the fasting blood glucose, body weight and hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) levels. In conclusion, the Tat-CIAPIN1 protein showed protective effects against T2DM by protection of \u03b2-cells via inhibition of hIAPP toxicity and by regulation of a MAPK signal pathway, suggesting CIAPIN1 protein can be a therapeutic protein drug candidate by beneficial regulation of T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T01:54:56Z","timestamp":1687485296000},"page":"10478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tat-CIAPIN1 Prevents Pancreatic \u03b2-Cell Death in hIAPP-Induced RINm5F Cells and T2DM Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hyeon Ji","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jea","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Yeon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Hyun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Sik","family":"Eum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1304-4","article-title":"Islet amyloid: A complication of islet dysfunction or an aetiological factor in Type 2 diabetes?","volume":"47","author":"Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.12.009","article-title":"Role of islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"38","author":"Hoppener","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0037","article-title":"Islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and the toxic oligomer hypothesis","volume":"29","author":"Haataja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"176","article-title":"Amylin-its physiological role in humans","volume":"51","author":"Bronsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cesk Fysiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0734","article-title":"Human islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers disrupt cell coupling, induce apoptosis, and impair insulin secretion in isolated human islets","volume":"56","author":"Ritzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01925572","article-title":"Amylin given by central or peripheral routes decreases gastric emptying and intestinal transit in the rat","volume":"52","author":"Clementi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"86","article-title":"Islet amyloid, metabolic syndrome, and the natural progressive history of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Hayden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6","article-title":"Pathophysiological and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Perspectives on the past, present, and future","volume":"383","author":"Kahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256060","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3256060","article-title":"Exosome-like vesicles as new mediators and therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell mass failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2019","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.08.012","article-title":"Probing ion channel activity of human islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin)","volume":"1818","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1579","article-title":"Toxic human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) oligomers are intracellular, and vaccination to induce anti-toxic oligomer antibodies does not prevent h-IAPP-induced beta-cell apoptosis in h-IAPP transgenic mice","volume":"56","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.03.016","article-title":"NADPH oxidase as an important source of reactive oxygen species at the mouse maternal-fetal interface: Putative biological roles","volume":"25","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00089","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), intimal thickening, and subclinical atherosclerotic disease","volume":"6","author":"Burtenshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8609213","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8609213","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus","volume":"2020","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-019-0729-1","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetes: Antioxidative strategies","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031858","article-title":"Identification of a cytokine-induced antiapoptotic molecule anamorsin essential for definitive hematopoiesis","volume":"199","author":"Shibayama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3054","article-title":"The study on expression of CIAPIN1 interfering hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and its mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.5.3.2381","article-title":"CIAPIN1 confers multidrug resistance by upregulating the expression of MDR-1 and MRP-1 in gastric cancer cells","volume":"5","author":"Hao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1517\/14728221003774127","article-title":"CIAPIN1 as a therapeutic target in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0490-8","article-title":"Nuclear translocation of anamorsin during drug-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in culture and in rat brain","volume":"118","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.028","article-title":"Tat-CIAPIN1 inhibits hippocampal neuronal cell damage through the MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways","volume":"135","author":"Yeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.08.002","article-title":"TAT transduction: The molecular mechanism and therapeutic prospects","volume":"13","author":"Gump","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2019.1676720","article-title":"Cell penetrating peptides: The potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers","volume":"16","author":"Kardani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000019289.61978.f5","article-title":"Cell penetrating peptides in drug delivery","volume":"21","author":"Snyder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00199-6","article-title":"Peptide-mediated cell delivery: Application in protein target validation","volume":"2","author":"Lindsay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2174\/138920110790909731","article-title":"Cell-penetrating peptide technology to deliver chaperones and associated factors in diseases and basic research","volume":"11","author":"Dietz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-013-1816-2","article-title":"A recombinant trans-membrane protein hMnSOD-R9 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.12.016","article-title":"Transduced protein transduction domain linked HSP27 protected LECs against UVB radiation-induced damage","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, X., Tian, H., Tang, L., Zheng, L., Zheng, L., Yang, T., Yu, B., Wang, Z., Lin, P., and Li, X. (2015). High-efficiency expression of TAT-bFGF fusion protein in Escherichia coli and effect on hypertrophic scar tissue. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117448"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Bu, Q., Liu, X., Hu, W., and Wang, Y. (2014). Neuroprotective effect of TAT-14\u20133-3\u03b5 fusion protein against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093334"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.06.015","article-title":"Transduced PEP-1-PON1 protein regulate microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal death in a Parkinson\u2019s model","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.005","article-title":"PEP-1-SIRT2 inhibits inflammatory response and oxidative stress-induced cell death via expression of antioxidant enzymes in murine macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-016-0281-8","article-title":"Tat-HSP22 inhibits oxidative stress-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death by regulation of the mitochondrial pathway","volume":"10","author":"Jo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.J., Shin, M.J., Kim, D.W., Yeo, H.J., Yeo, E.J., Choi, Y.J., Sohn, E.J., Han, K.H., Park, J., and Lee, K.W. (2020). Tat-biliverdin reductase A exerts a protective role in oxidative stress-induced hippocampal neuronal cell damage by regulating the apoptosis and MAPK signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082672"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18820","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.331181","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2) peptide directly activates amylin-3 receptor subtype by triggering multiple intracellular signaling pathways","volume":"287","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2018.03.024","article-title":"Apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 and NADPH oxidase mediate human amylin evoked redox stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells","volume":"1860","author":"Signgh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2338-7","article-title":"cJUN Nterminal kinase (JNK) activation mediates islet amyloid-induced beta cell apoptosis in cultured human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic mouse islets","volume":"55","author":"Subramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2002.196","article-title":"Amylin-induced cytotoxicity is associated with activation of caspase-3 and MAP kinases","volume":"383","author":"Rumora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C842","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00540.2007","article-title":"TAT-mediated PRDX6 protein transduction protects against eye lens epithelial cell death and delays lens opacity","volume":"294","author":"Kubo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05204.x","article-title":"Tat-Hsp70 protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain cultures and in the substantia nigra in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"105","author":"Nagel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2021.54.9.040","article-title":"Tat-CIAPIN1 protein prevents cytokine-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic RINm5F \u03b2-cells","volume":"54","author":"Yeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1255-x","article-title":"Oxidative stress is induced by islet amyloid formation and time-dependently mediates amyloid-induced beta cell apoptosis","volume":"52","author":"Zraika","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103160","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"306","author":"Ozcan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06826.x","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis","volume":"1281","author":"Padgett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miraee-Nedjad, S., Sims, P.F.G., Schwartz, J.M., and Doig, A.J. (2018). Effect of IAPP on the proteome of cultured Rin-5F cells. BMC Biochem., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12858-018-0099-3"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-019-00717-0","article-title":"Current molecular aspects in the development and treatment of diabetes","volume":"76","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"307","article-title":"Stress hormone and oxidative stress biomarkers link obesity and diabetes with reduced fertility potential","volume":"21","author":"Abbasihormozi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4376com","article-title":"Thioredoxin-ASK1 complex levels regulate ROS-mediated p38 MAPK pathway activity in livers of aged and long-lived Snell dwarf mice","volume":"20","author":"Hsieh","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22183","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.552679","article-title":"Anamorsin, a novel caspase-3 substrate in neurodegeneration","volume":"289","author":"Yun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.12.002","article-title":"Knock-down of CIAPIN1 sensitizes K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells to Imatinib by regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated members via NF-\u03baB and ERK5 signaling pathways","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10676","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01630J","article-title":"Impact of licochalcone A on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus of C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.05.004","article-title":"Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: A model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening","volume":"52","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.1.102","article-title":"Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963689720927392","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720927392","article-title":"Long-term liraglutide administration induces pancreas neogenesis in adult T2DM mice","volume":"29","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"5511019","article-title":"YiQi YangYin Decoction attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes rats","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, Y., Lee, H., Son, S.Y., Lee, C.H., Kim, S.Y., and Lim, Y. (2021). Ameliorative effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) extract on hyperglycemia induced hepatic damage in type 2 diabeteic mice. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101546"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00732-6","article-title":"Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2925","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease","volume":"11","author":"Donath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2022.18.157","article-title":"Sarcopenia and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Purnamasari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.94944","article-title":"Evaluation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in obese and non-obese diabetics: Pre- and postinsulin effects","volume":"4","author":"Goyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1535","article-title":"C-reactive protein and glycemic control in adults with diabetes","volume":"26","author":"King","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.54","article-title":"Circulating interleukin-6 in relation to adiposity, insulin action, and insulin secretion","volume":"9","author":"Vozarova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.12.245","article-title":"Transduced Tat-CIAPIN1 reduces the inflammatory response on LPS- and TPA-induced damages","volume":"52","author":"Yeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04634","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance","volume":"440","author":"Houstis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1111","article-title":"Possible novel therapy for diabetes with cell-permeable JNK-inhibitory peptide","volume":"10","author":"Kaneto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.041","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species promote TNFalpha-induced death and sustained JNK activation by inhibiting MAP kinase phosphatases","volume":"120","author":"Kamata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.009","article-title":"Tat-PRAS40 prevents hippocampal HT-22 cell death and oxidative stress induced animal brain ischemic insults","volume":"97","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2021.54.12.033","article-title":"OTUB1 knockdown promotes apoptosis in melanoma cells by upregulating TRAIL expression","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.5.019","article-title":"Inhibition of VRK1 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and intima hyperplasia after injury via mTORC1\/\u03b2-catenin axis","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.3.119","article-title":"Pulsed electromagnetic field potentiates etoposide-induced MCF-7 cell death","volume":"55","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154921","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (betatrophin) inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in diabetic mice","volume":"126","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2018.51.7.101","article-title":"Protective effects of Tat-DJ-1 protein against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a mice model","volume":"51","author":"Yeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2599","article-title":"Tat-Atox1 inhibits streptozotocin-induced cell death in pancreatic RINm5F cells and attenuates diabetes in a mouse model","volume":"38","author":"Ahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/10478\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:58:26Z","timestamp":1760126306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/10478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241310478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241310478","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]}}}