{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:10:13Z","timestamp":1790770213788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by an abnormal decline in mental and cognitive function compared with normal cognitive aging. It is an underlying condition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, neuroinflammation has been investigated as a new leading target that contributes to MCI progression into AD. Understanding the mechanism underlying inflammatory processes involved in the early onset of the disease could help find a safe and effective way to diagnose and treat patients. In this article, we assessed over twenty different blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory biomarker concentrations with immunoassay methods in patients with MCI (mild cognitive impairment), non-impaired control (NIC), and serum healthy control (HC). We performed group comparisons and analyzed in-group correlations between the biomarkers. We included 107 participants (mean age: 64.7 \u00b1 7.8, women: 58.9%). CSF osteopontin and YKL-40 were significantly increased in the MCI group, whereas serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) in the NIC group compared with the MCI and HC groups. Stronger correlations between interleukin-1\u03b2 and inflammasome markers were observed in the serum of the MCI group. We confirmed specific inflammatory activation in the central nervous system and interleukin-1\u03b2 pathway upregulation in the serum of the MCI cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T01:42:32Z","timestamp":1687743752000},"page":"10523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Central and Peripheral Inflammation in Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Context of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Schmidt-Morgenroth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Translational Medicine, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Translational Medicine, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Avrameas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Translational Medicine, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0490-8","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment: Diagnosis, Longitudinal Course, and Emerging Treatments","volume":"16","author":"Vega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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