{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:07:43Z","timestamp":1792519663589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","award":["DMR-112-185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-112-185"]}]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-039-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-039-011"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["DMR-112-185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-112-185"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-039-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-039-011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, carries a significant burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). With their heterogeneous composition, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have varied athero-protective properties, and some may even increase ASCVD risk. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the relationship between HDL sizes\/metabolites and inflammation in RA. Using 1H-NMR-based lipid\/metabolomics, differential HDL-related metabolites were identified between RA patients and healthy control (HC) subjects and between RA patients with and without anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). The correlation between the discriminative HDL-related metabolites and C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated in RA patients. RA patients demonstrated higher particle number, lipids, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipids in large\/very large-sized HDLs. ACPA-positive patients had higher L-HDL-C and L-HDL-CE but lower small-\/medium-sized HDL-TG levels than ACPA-negative patients. An inverse correlation was found between CRP levels and small-sized HDLs. Janus kinase inhibitor treatment was associated with increased serum small-sized HDL-related metabolites and decreased CRP levels. We are the first to reveal the significant associations between RA inflammation and HDL sizes\/metabolites. A potential link between ACPA positivity and changes in serum levels of HDL-related metabolites was also observed in RA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1687830122000},"page":"10645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Sizes and Composition of HDL-Cholesterol Are Significantly Associated with Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Kun","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"En-Pei Isabel","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Hsi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Tung","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Ku","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hei-Tung","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Huang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.1.8","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. 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