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levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, may lead to a host of manifestations across the biological systems, particularly the nervous system. Defects in Hcy metabolism have been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma, i.e., the leading cause of blindness. However, the pathophysiology of elevated Hcy and its eligibility as a risk factor for glaucoma remain unclear. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between elevated Hcy levels and glaucoma. Through a systemic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we found that elevated Hcy might play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Further research will be necessary to help clarify the specific contribution of elevated Hcy in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. A discovery and conceptual understanding of Hcy-associated glaucoma could be the keys to providing better therapeutic treatment, if not prophylactic treatment, for this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:41:45Z","timestamp":1687999305000},"page":"10790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Homocysteine and Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Washington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ritch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, 4 Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)76074-2","article-title":"The formation of a homologue of cystine by the decomposition of methionine with sulfuric acid","volume":"99","author":"Butz","year":"1932","journal-title":"J. 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