{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:34:39Z","timestamp":1782794079856,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-01209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019.0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019.0059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KAW Foundation","award":["2019-01209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01209"]}]},{"name":"KAW Foundation","award":["2019.0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019.0059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been shown that synovial fibroblasts (SF) play a key role in the initiation of inflammation and joint destruction, leading to arthritis progression. Fibroblasts may express major histocompatibility complex class II region (MHCII) molecules, and thus, they could be able to process and present antigens to immunocompetent cells. Here we examine whether different types of fibroblasts (synovial, dermal, and thymic murine fibroblasts, destructive LS48 fibroblasts, and noninvasive NIH\/3T3 fibroblasts) may be involved in the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and can process and present type II collagen (COL2)\u2014an autoantigen associated with RA. Using a panel of MHCII\/Aq-restricted T-cell hybridoma lines that specifically recognize an immunodominant COL2 epitope (COL2259\u2013273), we found that NIH\/3T3 fibroblasts activate several T-cell clones that recognize the posttranslationally glycosylated or hydroxylated COL2259\u2013273 epitope. The HCQ.3 hybridoma, which is specific for the glycosylated immunodominant COL2 epitope 259\u2013273 (Gal264), showed the strongest response. Interestingly, NIH\/3T3 cells, but not destructive LS48 fibroblasts, synovial, dermal, or thymic fibroblasts, were able to stimulate the HCQ.3 hybridoma and other COL2-specific T-cell hybridomas. Our experiments revealed that NIH\/3T3 fibroblasts are able to activate COL2-specific T-cell hybridomas even in the absence of COL2 or a posttranslationally modified COL2 peptide. The mechanism of this unusual activation is contact-dependent and involves the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:41:45Z","timestamp":1687999305000},"page":"10811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NIH\/3T3 Fibroblasts Selectively Activate T Cells Specific for Posttranslationally Modified Collagen Type II"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8052-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balik","family":"Dzhambazov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsvetelina","family":"Batsalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Merky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nykode Therapeutics ASA, 0349 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikard","family":"Holmdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"One year in review: Novelties in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Guidelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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