{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:56:44Z","timestamp":1792079804435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["POCU\/993\/6\/13 -153178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCU\/993\/6\/13 -153178"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Injuries and diseases of the skin require accurate treatment using nontoxic and noninvasive biomaterials, which aim to mimic the natural structures of the body. There is a strong need to develop biodevices capable of accommodating nutrients and bioactive molecules and generating the process of vascularization. Electrospinning is a robust technique, as it can form fibrous structures for tissue engineering and wound dressings. The best way of forming such meshes for wound healing is to choose two polymers that complement each other regarding their properties. On the one hand, PVA is a water-soluble synthetic polymer widely used for the preparation of hydrogels in the field of biomedicine owing to its biocompatibility, water solubility, nontoxicity, and considerable mechanical properties. PVA is easy to subject to electrospinning and can offer strong mechanical stability of the mesh, but it is necessary to improve its biological properties. On the other hand, CS has good biological properties, including biodegradability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. Still, it is harder to electrospin and does not possess as good mechanical properties as PVA. As these structures also allow the incorporation of bioactive agents due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, the interesting point was to incorporate usnic acid into the structure as it is a natural and suitable alternative agent for burn wounds treatment which avoids an improper or overuse of antibiotics and other invasive biomolecules. Thus, we report the fabrication of an electrospun nanofibrous mesh based on PVA, chitosan, and usnic acid with applications in wound healing. The obtained nanofibers mesh was physicochemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro biological assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the samples using the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) assay and evaluating the influence of fabricated meshes on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development, as well as their biocompatibility (demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy results, an XTT assay, and a glutathione (GSH) assay).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:32:18Z","timestamp":1688434338000},"page":"11037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Electrospun Nanofibrous Mesh Based on PVA, Chitosan, and Usnic Acid for Applications in Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Elena","family":"Stoica (Oprea)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Albule\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"B\u00eerc\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5366-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Iordache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Ficai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Mihai","family":"Grumezescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Str. No. 3, 50044 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan \u0218tefan","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 077206 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials, Products and Processes, University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ecaterina","family":"Andronescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florica","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 077206 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Maria","family":"Holban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 077206 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Grumezescu, A.M. 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