{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:35Z","timestamp":1787028515926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University (KFU)","award":["FZSM-2022-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FZSM-2022-0020"]}]},{"name":"Kazan Federal University (KFU)","award":["23-26-00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-26-00167"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"study of contractile activity of myocardium stripes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FZSM-2022-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FZSM-2022-0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"study of contractile activity of myocardium stripes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-26-00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-26-00167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considering the important cytoprotective and signaling roles but relatively narrow therapeutic index of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), advanced H2S donors are required to achieve a therapeutic effect. In this study, we proposed glutathione dithiophosphates as new combination donors of H2S and glutathione. The kinetics of H2S formation in dithiophosphate solutions suggested a continuous H2S release by the donors, which was higher for the dithiophosphate of reduced glutathione than oxidized glutathione. The compounds, unlike NaHS, inhibited the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts at submillimolar concentrations due to an efficient increase in intracellular H2S. The H2S donors more profoundly affected reactive oxygen species and reduced glutathione levels in C2C12 myocytes, in which these parameters were elevated compared to myoblasts. Oxidized glutathione dithiophosphate as well as control donors exerted antioxidant action toward myocytes, whereas the effect of reduced glutathione dithiophosphate at (sub-)micromolar concentrations was rather modulating. This dithiophosphate showed an enhanced negative inotropic effect mediated by H2S upon contraction of the atrial myocardium, furthermore, its activity was prolonged and reluctant for washing. These findings identify glutathione dithiophosphates as redox-modulating H2S donors with long-acting profile, which are of interest for further pharmacological investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1688517222000},"page":"11063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Glutathione Dithiophosphates as Long-Acting H2S Donors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rezeda A.","family":"Ishkaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nail N.","family":"Khaertdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey V.","family":"Yakovlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina V.","family":"Esmeteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana V.","family":"Salakhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas S.","family":"Nizamov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5412-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guzel F.","family":"Sitdikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur I.","family":"Abdullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hermann, A., Sitdikova, G.F., and Weiger, T.M. (2012). Gasotransmitters: Physiology and Pathophysiology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30338-8"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2021","article-title":"Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs","volume":"103","author":"Cirino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Mesfin, F.M., Hunter, C.E., Olson, K.R., Shelley, W.C., Brokaw, J.P., Manohar, K., and Markel, T.A. (2022). Recent Development of the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide Gasotransmitter. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091788"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00431","article-title":"Phosphorylation of BK channels modulates the sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide (H2S)","volume":"5","author":"Sitdikova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2014.01.002","article-title":"H2S and its role in redox signaling","volume":"1844","author":"Kabil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975988","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.975988","article-title":"Possible molecular basis of the biochemical effects of cysteine-derived persulfides","volume":"9","author":"Cuevasanta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura, H. (2021). Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Polysulfide (H2Sn) Signaling: The First 25 Years. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060896"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00304","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150147","article-title":"S-sulfhydration as a cellular redox regulation","volume":"36","author":"Iciek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162667","article-title":"H2S as a Physiologic Vasorelaxant: Hypertension in Mice with Deletion of Cystathionine \u03b3-Lyase","volume":"322","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsaeedi, A., Welham, S., Rose, P., and Zhu, Y.-Z. (2023). The Impact of Drugs on Hydrogen Sulfide Homeostasis in Mammals. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040908"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.07.012","article-title":"The protective role of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion-induced injury in diabetic rats","volume":"152","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00741-6","article-title":"Sulfide regulation of cardiovascular function in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Kolluru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2956","article-title":"Low Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Blood of Diabetes Patients and Streptozotocin-Treated Rats Causes Vascular Inflammation?","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0211hyp","article-title":"Two\u2019s company, three\u2019s a crowd: Can H2S be the third endogenous gaseous transmitter?","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7068","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Therapeutics: Translation to the Clinic","volume":"28","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909178","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.909178","article-title":"Development of hydrogen sulfide donors for anti-atherosclerosis therapeutics research: Challenges and future priorities","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn140","article-title":"Hydrogen sulphide is an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels and mechanical contraction in rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Q., and Lukesh, J.C. (2023). H2S Donors with Cytoprotective Effects in Models of MI\/R Injury and Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030650"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R443","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00088.2013","article-title":"Akt\/eNOS signaling and PLN S-sulfhydration are involved in H2S-dependent cardiac effects in frog and rat","volume":"305","author":"Mazza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-011-1280-5","article-title":"Role of Calcium and Potassium Channels in Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Frog Myocardial Contractility","volume":"151","author":"Sitdikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-009-0607-y","article-title":"The Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Electrical Activity of Rat Atrial Myocardium","volume":"147","author":"Abramochkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00013.2002","article-title":"H2S-induced vasorelaxation and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"283","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-1-4","article-title":"Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: A review","volume":"1","author":"Banerjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects of a novel diclofenac derivative","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.11.014","article-title":"A review of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors: Chemistry and potential therapeutic applications","volume":"149","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1021\/cb400090d","article-title":"Controllable Hydrogen Sulfide Donors and Their Activity against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1021\/ml400239a","article-title":"Arylthioamides as H2S Donors: L-Cysteine-Activated Releasing Properties and Vascular Effects in Vitro and in Vivo","volume":"4","author":"Martelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1085723","article-title":"Cysteine-Activated Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donors","volume":"133","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5082969","article-title":"Plasma and Dietary Antioxidant Status as Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Review of Human Studies","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7841","article-title":"Activatable Small-Molecule Hydrogen Sulfide Donors","volume":"32","author":"Levinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6336","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b01373","article-title":"pH-Controlled Hydrogen Sulfide Release for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"138","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038169","article-title":"Natural History, Quality of Life, and Outcome in Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis","volume":"140","author":"Lane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2012.02.028","article-title":"Thioglycine and l-thiovaline: Biologically active H2S-donors","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorgan. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.753467","article-title":"Characterization of a Novel, Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide\u2013Releasing Molecule (GYY4137)","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaucher, C., Boudier, A., Bonetti, J., Clarot, I., Leroy, P., and Parent, M. (2018). Glutathione: Antioxidant Properties Dedicated to Nanotechnologies. Antioxidants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7050062"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-020-02687-1","article-title":"Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00650-3","article-title":"Exogenous glutathione exerts a therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke rats by interacting with intrastriatal dopamine","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15031242","article-title":"Prodrug Approach for Increasing Cellular Glutathione Levels","volume":"15","author":"Cacciatore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishkaeva, R.A., Nizamov, I.S., Blokhin, D.S., Urakova, E.A., Klochkov, V.V., Nizamov, I.D., Gareev, B.I., Salakhieva, D.V., and Abdullin, T.I. (2021). Dithiophosphate-Induced Redox Conversions of Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102973"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishkaeva, R.A., Zoughaib, M., Laikov, A.V., Angelova, P.R., and Abdullin, T.I. (2022). Probing Cell Redox State and Glutathione-Modulating Factors Using a Monochlorobimane-Based Microplate Assay. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020391"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-016-0355-1","article-title":"Interplay Between Hydrogen Sulfide and Adrenergic and Muscarinic Receptors in the Mouse Atrium","volume":"7","author":"Lifanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.23868\/gc120325","article-title":"Role of potassium channels in the negative inotropic effect of hydrogen sulfide in mouse atrium","volume":"9","author":"Lifanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.10.016","article-title":"Passive loss of hydrogen sulfide in biological experiments","volume":"421","author":"DeLeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2899","article-title":"The Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Formation of Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Whiteman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benchoam, D., Cuevasanta, E., M\u00f6ller, M.N., and Alvarez, B. (2019). Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfides Oxidation by Biologically Relevant Oxidizing Species. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8020048"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2016.09.018","article-title":"Biological chemistry of hydrogen sulfide and persulfides","volume":"617","author":"Cuevasanta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1834","article-title":"Biogenesis of reactive sulfur species for signaling by hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathways","volume":"11","author":"Mishanina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925167","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/925167","article-title":"The Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide in Heart Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential","volume":"2015","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.10.019","article-title":"Biology and therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide-releasing chimeras","volume":"85","author":"Kashfi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Yu, B., Yuan, Z., and Wang, B. (2022). Hydrogen Sulfide, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321232111","article-title":"Reactive cysteine persulfides and S-polythiolation regulate oxidative stress and redox signaling","volume":"111","author":"Ida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101772","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics","volume":"38","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2016.07.005","article-title":"Chapter Six\u2014Hydrogen Sulfide as a \u201cDouble-Faced\u201d Compound: One with Pro- and Antioxidant Effect","volume":"Volume 78","author":"Makowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7803","article-title":"Metabolic Responses to Reductive Stress","volume":"32","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, H., Ye, T., Li, Y., Lin, Y., Liu, D., Zhou, H., Wang, J., and Li, L. (2022). A New Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on BODIPY for Highly Selective Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217499"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302193110","article-title":"Cell-trappable fluorescent probes for endogenous hydrogen sulfide signaling and imaging H2O2-dependent H2S production","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trummer, M., Galardon, E., Fischer, A., Toegel, S., Mayer, B., Steiner, G., and Kloesch, B. (2021). Characterization of the Inducible and Slow-Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfide Donor P*: Insights into Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071049"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Star, B.S., van der Slikke, E.C., Ransy, C., Schmitt, A., Henning, R.H., Bouillaud, F., and Bouma, H.R. (2023). GYY4137-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Donates Electrons to the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain via Sulfide: Quinone Oxidoreductase in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030587"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10871","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc36141h","article-title":"A highly selective fluorescent probe for fast detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous solution and living cells","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13101","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201806854","article-title":"Colorimetric Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)\/Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donation from \u03b3-Ketothiocarbamate Donor Motifs","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.07.020","article-title":"TNF\u03b1-induced cytoprotection requires the production of free radicals within mitochondria in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"79","author":"Lacerda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H439","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00119.2006","article-title":"C2C12 skeletal muscle cells adopt cardiac-like sodium current properties in a cardiac cell environment","volume":"292","author":"Zebedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116734","article-title":"Differentiation and long-term survival of C2C12 myoblast grafts in heart","volume":"92","author":"Koh","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000125294.04612.81","article-title":"Evidence for Fusion Between Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Cells","volume":"94","author":"Reinecke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00769-1","article-title":"Skeletal muscle satellite cell transplantation","volume":"58","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, D.-Y., Chun, Y.-S., Kim, J.-K., Lee, J.-O., Lee, Y.-J., Ku, S.-K., and Shim, S.-M. (2021). Curcumin Ameliorated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-Related Muscle Disorders in C2C12 Myoblast Cells. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030476"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-022-03176-y","article-title":"Cystine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes under moderate oxidative stress induced by H2O2","volume":"54","author":"Mizugaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C609","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00147.2018","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide alleviates hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy via mitigation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress injury","volume":"315","author":"Majumder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1431626","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione biosynthesis, and glucose uptake and utilisation in C2C12 mouse myotubes","volume":"52","author":"Parsanathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63335-4","article-title":"Glutathione Depletion Impairs Myogenic Differentiation of Murine Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells through Sustained NF-\u03baB Activation","volume":"165","author":"Ardite","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2021.01058","article-title":"Myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cell may related with oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., Guarner-Lans, V., and Rubio-Ruiz, M.E. (2017). Reductive Stress in Inflammation-Associated Diseases and the Pro-Oxidant Effect of Antioxidant Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102098"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03476-0","article-title":"Reductive stress in striated muscle cells","volume":"77","author":"Bellezza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136957","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5136957","article-title":"Reductive Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyopathy","volume":"2020","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746873","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2746873","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Developmental Impairments of Rat Offspring with Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"2018","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yakovleva, O., Bogatova, K., Mukhtarova, R., Yakovlev, A., Shakhmatova, V., Gerasimova, E., Ziyatdinova, G., Hermann, A., and Sitdikova, G. (2020). Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Anxiety, Motor, and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Rats with Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia via Mitigation of Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10070995"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-022-01231-5","article-title":"Effects of Moderate Chronic Stressing of Female Rats Before and During Pregnancy of Sensorimotor Development, Anxiety Levels, and Cognitive Functions in Their Offspring","volume":"52","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.094","article-title":"Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulation of myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol","volume":"318","author":"Geng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1618","article-title":"Regulation of cardiovascular cell function by hydrogen sulfide (H2S)","volume":"28","author":"Elsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.09.006","article-title":"The novel H2S-donor 4-carboxyphenyl isothiocyanate promotes cardioprotective effects against ischemia\/reperfusion injury through activation of mitoKATP channels and reduction of oxidative stress","volume":"113","author":"Testai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.130","article-title":"H2S generated by heart in rat and its effects on cardiac function","volume":"313","author":"Geng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02389.x","article-title":"Phospholamban and cardiac function: A comparative perspective in vertebrates","volume":"205","author":"Cerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100505","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide and Cell Signaling","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1479","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90566.2008","article-title":"Whole tissue hydrogen sulfide concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than presently accepted values","volume":"295","author":"Furne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.10.002","article-title":"Glutathione salts of O,O-diorganyl dithiophosphoric acids: Synthesis and study as redox modulating and antiproliferative compounds","volume":"99","author":"Akhmadishina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witt, R., Weigand, A., Boos, A.M., Cai, A., Dippold, D., Boccaccini, A.R., Schubert, D.W., Hardt, M., Lange, C., and Arkudas, A. (2017). Mesenchymal stem cells and myoblast differentiation under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation for 3D skeletal muscle tissue engineering. BMC Cell Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-017-0131-2"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.26907\/2542-064X.2019.2.245-254","article-title":"Elph: An open-source program for acquisition control and analysis of electrophysiological signals","volume":"161","author":"Zakharov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Uchenye Zap. Kazan. Univ. Seriya Estestv. Nauk."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-18-40","article-title":"Carbon monoxide affects electrical and contractile activity of rat myocardium","volume":"18","author":"Abramochkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/11063\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:05:50Z","timestamp":1760126750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/11063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241311063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241311063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]}}}