{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:07:18Z","timestamp":1791925638465,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NICM"},{"name":"Western Sydney University"},{"name":"Ainsworth Medical Research Fund"},{"name":"VC\u2019s Research Support Program Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson\u2019s (PD), and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1688517222000},"page":"11086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery\u2014An Australian Example"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Payaal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintu","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Bodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerrie","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Rosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8130-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Wagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8163-9732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritesh","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Gyengesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"M\u00fcnch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"},{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105458","article-title":"Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments","volume":"162","author":"Shehjar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X21992457","article-title":"Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neuroinflammation by a PET ligand selective for glial versus vascular translocator protein","volume":"41","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105212","article-title":"Cellular and molecular influencers of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recent concepts & roles","volume":"151","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13511","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13511","article-title":"Insights into T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742065","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","article-title":"Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: From Understanding to Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Muzio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1583","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1583","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Mey","year":"2023","journal-title":"WIREs Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00003-0","article-title":"The good and the bad of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Naegele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.353484","article-title":"Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From mechanisms to clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.06.012","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Different molecular targets and potential therapeutic agents including curcumin","volume":"9","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e064169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064169","article-title":"Systematic, comprehensive, evidence-based approach to identify neuroprotective interventions for motor neuron disease: Using systematic reviews to inform expert consensus","volume":"13","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2174\/187152710791012008","article-title":"Inflammation, immunity, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Town","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(96)00016-1","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Thome","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780597961","article-title":"Microglial Activation and its Implications in the Brain Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Kaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3MR0416-204R","article-title":"Danger-associated molecular patterns in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"101","author":"Venegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931473","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.931473","article-title":"Pathophysiology of RAGE in inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0311397","article-title":"Anti-AGEing defences against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Kuhla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00349-9","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts-associated parameters in the peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"59","author":"Thome","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050073","article-title":"New hypothesis on etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer syndrome. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)","volume":"67","author":"Thome","year":"1996","journal-title":"Der. Nervenarzt."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7787","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7787","article-title":"Glycated tau protein in Alzheimer disease: A mechanism for induction of oxidant stress","volume":"91","author":"Yan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199504190-00010","article-title":"Are advanced glycation end-products associated with amyloidosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"6","author":"Kimura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2002-4309","article-title":"Amyloid beta-peptide and amyloid pathology are central to the oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades under which Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain exists","volume":"4","author":"Butterfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0188-x","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s associated inflammation, potential drug targets and future therapies","volume":"112","author":"Stuchbury","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.010","article-title":"Glia and their cytokines in progression of neurodegeneration","volume":"26","author":"Mrak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andronie-Cioara, F.L., Ardelean, A.I., Nistor-Cseppento, C.D., Jurcau, A., Jurcau, M.C., Pascalau, N., and Marcu, F. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031869"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90148-M","article-title":"IL-6-mediated events in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"12","author":"Bauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000665","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as predictors of cognitive decline in late midlife","volume":"83","author":"Dugravot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12994","article-title":"Long-Term Systemic Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Population-Based Cohort","volume":"62","author":"Wichmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, A., Rees, S.D., Kelly, M.A., Bain, S.C., Barnett, A.H., Prasher, A., Arshad, H., and Prasher, V.P. (2014). Genetic variants conferring susceptibility to Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the general population; do they also predispose to dementia in Down\u2019s syndrome. BMC Res. Notes, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-42"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Giraldo, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Reyes, R.E., Ram\u00edrez-Guerrero, S., Bonilla-Trilleras, C.E., Guardo-Maya, S., and Nava-Mesa, M.O. (2022). Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2013Comprehensive Review and Recent Developments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113630"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.016","article-title":"Activated astroglia during chronic inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014Do they neglect their neurosupportive roles?","volume":"690","author":"Fuller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6139-5_28","article-title":"Glycoxidative stress creates a vicious cycle of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014A target for neuroprotective treatment strategies?","volume":"62","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02506.x","article-title":"beta-Amyloid peptide potentiates inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma and \u2018advanced glycation endproducts\u2019 in a murine microglia cell line","volume":"17","author":"Gartner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135807","article-title":"The effect of aging and chronic microglia activation on the morphology and numbers of the cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"751","author":"Childs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699329","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.699329","article-title":"Spatial Memory and Microglia Activation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Neuroinflammation and the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Apigenin","volume":"15","author":"Chesworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142334","article-title":"Mitochondrial lysates induce inflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease-relevant changes in microglial and neuronal cells","volume":"45","author":"Wilkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MD00280E","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Recent advances in the use of synthetic COX-2 inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.626","article-title":"Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and duration of NSAID use","volume":"48","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141506","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795256099","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application of NSAIDs and derived compounds in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Heneka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2174\/187152312803476255","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacology of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Bacchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anti-Inflamm. Anti-Allergy Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.2.227","article-title":"Inverse association of anti-inflammatory treatments and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Initial results of a co-twin control study","volume":"44","author":"Breitner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190444","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Therapy is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia","volume":"73","author":"Nerius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.011","article-title":"Corticosteroids, but not NSAIDs, are associated with less Alzheimer neuropathology","volume":"33","author":"Beeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.588","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cooperative Study","volume":"54","author":"Aisen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Candidates for the Prevention or Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Do they Still Have a Role?","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.06.002","article-title":"The molecular basis of the prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease through healthy nutrition","volume":"42","author":"Steele","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FO00680A","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) extracts\u2014Identification of E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde as the most potent bioactive compounds","volume":"6","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"65","article-title":"Reduction of inflammation by decreasing production of interleukin-1 or by specific receptor antagonism","volume":"14","author":"Dinarello","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Tissue React."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1801975","article-title":"Comparison of anti-TNF and IL-inhibitors treatments in patients with psoriasis in terms of response to routine laboratory parameter dynamics","volume":"33","author":"Ataseven","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2009.45.6.1378935","article-title":"Rilonacept in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders","volume":"45","author":"McDermott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201000103","article-title":"Regulation of the severity of neuroinflammation and demyelination by TLR-ASK1-p38 pathway","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.06.099","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory treatment with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB239063 is neuroprotective, decreases the number of activated microglia and facilitates neurogenesis in oxygen-glucose-deprived hippocampal slice cultures","volume":"592","author":"Strassburger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1007-z","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of SN50, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB, in treatment of TBI in mice","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.07.032","article-title":"Identification and quantification of phenolics in Australian native mint (Mentha australis R. Br.)","volume":"192","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seididamyeh, M., Phan, A.D.T., Sivakumar, D., Netzel, M.E., Mereddy, R., and Sultanbawa, Y. (2023). Valorisation of Three Underutilised Native Australian Plants: Phenolic and Organic Acid Profiles and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12030623"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1362-5","article-title":"Plasma adipokine and inflammatory marker concentrations are altered in obese, as opposed to non-obese, type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"109","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113512040","article-title":"The flavonoid apigenin delays forgetting of passive avoidance conditioning in rats","volume":"28","author":"Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9949","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18089949","article-title":"Neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects of apigenin in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681477","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.681477","article-title":"Does Oral Apigenin Have Real Potential for a Therapeutic Effect in the Context of Human Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers?","volume":"12","author":"Blay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.03.016","article-title":"Protective role of apigenin on rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Suppression of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress mediated apoptosis","volume":"269","author":"Anusha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3863","article-title":"Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) Inhibits Constitutive and IL-6-Inducible STAT3 Phosphorylation in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells","volume":"171","author":"Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.137455","article-title":"Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability, and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"326","author":"Begum","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.04.054","article-title":"Curcumin promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rat model of nerve crush injury","volume":"547","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149223","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3149223","article-title":"Nano-Derived Therapeutic Formulations with Curcumin in Inflammation-Related Diseases","volume":"2021","author":"Quispe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.10.012","article-title":"Interesting biological activities from plants traditionally used by Native Australians","volume":"96","author":"Pennacchio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women\u2019s Council Aboriginal Corporation (2013). Ngangkari, Magabala Books."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"McConvell, P., and Thieberger, N.A. (2006). Language Diversity in the Pacific: Endangerment and Survival, Multilingual Matters Ltd."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeshi, K., Turpin, G., Jamtsho, T., and Wangchuk, P. (2022). Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123849"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00290-2","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of traditional Australian medicinal plants","volume":"77","author":"Palombo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2014.06.011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of native Australian herbs polyphenols","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, A., Bashmil, Y.M., Cottrell, J.J., Suleria, H.A.R., and Dunshea, F.R. (2021). LC-MS\/MS-QTOF Screening and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Australian Grown Herbs and Their Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111770"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashmil, Y.M., Ali, A., Bk, A., Dunshea, F.R., and Suleria, H.A.R. (2021). Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Australian Grown Bananas and Their Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101521"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2935403","article-title":"Medicinal Plants of the Australian Aboriginal Dharawal People Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Activity","volume":"2016","author":"Akhtar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104897","article-title":"Potential anti-neuroinflammatory compounds from Australian plants\u2014A review","volume":"142","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006","article-title":"Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: A Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties","volume":"19","author":"Carson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05654.x","article-title":"A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology","volume":"52","author":"Pazyar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.07.012","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of Dodonaea polyandra, a Kaanju traditional medicine","volume":"132","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.18433\/J38P57","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of a Topical Anti-Inflammatory Preparation Containing Dodonaea polyandra Extract","volume":"18","author":"Simpson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Bodkin, F. (2021). Dharawal Pharmacopeia Collection, Western Sydney University."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8600","article-title":"Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: A review","volume":"98","author":"Dhakad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"1297","article-title":"A New Anti-inflammatory Chromone from the leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis","volume":"13","author":"Akthar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2019.01.004","article-title":"Costatamins A\u2013C, new 4-phenylcoumarins with anti-inflammatory activity from the Australian woodland tree Angophora costata (Myrtaceae)","volume":"133","author":"Raju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, L.C., Filomeno, C.A., and Teixeira, R.R. (2016). Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21121671"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljaafari, M.N., AlAli, A.O., Baqais, L., Alqubaisy, M., AlAli, M., Molouki, A., Ong-Abdullah, J., Abushelaibi, A., Lai, K.-S., and Lim, S.-H.E. (2021). An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030628"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cock, I.E., Baghtchedjian, L., Cordon, M.-E., and Dumont, E.J.M. (2022). Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties, Bioactive Compounds, and Therapeutic Potential of the Genus Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae). Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227734"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, C.J. (2021). Phytochemistry of Australia\u2019s Tropical Rainforest: Medicinal Potential of Ancient Plants, Csiro Publishing.","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486307593"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cock, I.E.J.E. (2011). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Australia, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.","DOI":"10.5530\/pc.2011.2.10"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00185-1","article-title":"Transcription factors controlling plant secondary metabolism: What regulates the regulators?","volume":"61","author":"Endt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_90","unstructured":"An, M., and Pratley, J. (2005, January 21\u201326). In Searching native Australian plants for natural herbicides-a case study. Proceedings of the World Congress on Allelopathy, New South Wales, Australia."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113580","article-title":"Antioxidative and therapeutic potential of selected Australian plants: A review","volume":"268","author":"Mani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0138","article-title":"Historical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quinine","volume":"95","author":"Shanks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Wang, S.-B., Yang, X.-Y., and Du, G.-H. (2018). Natural Small Molecule Drugs from Plants, Springer."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(81)90051-9","article-title":"Coca and cocaine as medicines: An historical review","volume":"3","author":"Grinspoon","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle, G.M., D\u2019Souza, M.M.A., Pierce, C.J., Adams, R.A., Cantor, A.S., Johns, J.P., Maslovskaya, L., Gordon, V.A., Reddell, P., and Parsons, P. (2014). Intra-Lesional Injection of the Novel PKC Activator EBC-46 Rapidly Ablates Tumors in Mouse Models. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108887"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-018-0604-y","article-title":"Optimising intratumoral treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models with the diterpene ester Tigilanol tiglate","volume":"37","author":"Barnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2039139","article-title":"Ternstroenol F: A new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin isolated from the Australian rainforest plant Ternstroemia cherryi","volume":"37","author":"Raju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew, S., Zhang, K., Zhou, X., M\u00fcnch, G., Bodkin, F., Li, F., and Raju, R. (2023). Myrtinols A\u2013F: New Anti-Inflammatory Peltogynoid Flavonoid Derivatives from the Leaves of Australian Indigenous Plant Backhousia myrtifolia. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052160"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew, S., Raju, R., Zhou, X., Bodkin, F., Govindaraghavan, S., and M\u00fcnch, G. (2023). A Method and Formula for the Quantitative Analysis of the Total Bioactivity of Natural Products. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076850"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1986711","article-title":"Acronyols A and B, new anti-inflammatory prenylated phloroglucinols from the fruits of Acronychia crassipetala","volume":"36","author":"Raju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew, S., Zhou, X., M\u00fcnch, G., Bodkin, F., Wallis, M., Li, F., and Raju, R. (2022). Tristaenone A: A New Anti-Inflammatory Compound Isolated from the Australian Indigenous Plant Tristaniopsis laurina. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196592"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057116635517","article-title":"High-throughput screening platform for the discovery of new immunomodulator molecules from natural product extract libraries","volume":"21","author":"Annang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raju, R., Gunawardena, D., Ahktar, M.A., Low, M., Reddell, P., and M\u00fcnch, G. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory Chemical Profiling of the Australian Rainforest Tree Alphitonia petriei (Rhamnaceae). Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21111521"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"1934578X1801300619","article-title":"A New Anti-inflammatory Phenolic Monosaccharide from the Australian Native Rainforest Plant Elaeocarpus Eumundi","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.104972","article-title":"Eupomatenes A\u2013E: Neolignans isolated from the leaves of Australian rainforest plant Eupomatia laurina","volume":"153","author":"Raju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112426","article-title":"Ternstroenols A\u2013E: Undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoids from the Australian rainforest plant Ternstroemia cherryi","volume":"176","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2022.105266","article-title":"Cryptocaryoic acids A\u2013C: New phenyl alkyl acids isolated from the leaves of Australian rainforest plant Cryptocarya mackinnoniana","volume":"162","author":"Raju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.104843","article-title":"Identification of tetragocarbone C and sideroxylin as the most potent anti-inflammatory components of Syncarpia glomulifera","volume":"150","author":"Venigalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104595","article-title":"Mulgravanols A and B, rare oxidized xanthenes and a new phloroglucinol isolated from the Australian rainforest plant Waterhousea mulgraveana (Myrtaceae)","volume":"143","author":"Raju","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2019.01.004","article-title":"Diarylheptanoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the rhizomes of Pleuranthodium racemigerum (Zingiberaceae)","volume":"30","author":"Raju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2018.07.030","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of prenyl and geranyloxy furanocoumarins from Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae)","volume":"27","author":"Raju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"314","article-title":"The role of macrophages in immunology","volume":"75","author":"Elhelu","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1945-7","article-title":"Physiological roles of macrophages","volume":"469","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflugers. Arch."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803243181205","article-title":"Current concepts: Immunology. Monocytes and macrophages","volume":"318","author":"Johnston","year":"1988","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(94)90005-1","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy, Cytokines and macrophages","volume":"48","author":"Cavaillon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14.2.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1402s83","article-title":"Activation of murine macrophages","volume":"83","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Classen, A., Lloberas, J., and Celada, A. (2009). Macrophages and Dendritic Cells, Springer."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1360769","article-title":"Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A true paradox","volume":"11","author":"Eapen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709465","article-title":"The release of microparticles by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with TLR ligands","volume":"87","author":"Gauley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinho, B.R., Sousa, C., Valent\u00e3o, P., and Andrade, P.B. (2011). Is Nitric Oxide Decrease Observed with Naphthoquinones in LPS Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages a Beneficial Property?. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024098"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90357-L","article-title":"Macrophage NO2\u2212 production as a sensitive and rapid assay for the quantitation of murine IFN-\u03b3","volume":"139","author":"Migliorini","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.1.6","article-title":"Characterization of a human macrophage-like cell line stimulated in vitro: A model of macrophage functions","volume":"125","author":"Larrick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.108.139154","article-title":"Baseline Mechanical Characterization of J774 Macrophages","volume":"96","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"2649","article-title":"Changes in morphology of J774.1 macrophage-like cells and release of prostaglandin E2 induced by bacterial acidic polysaccharides","volume":"51","author":"Amemura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0142","article-title":"Effects of n-3 fatty acids on growth and survival of J774 macrophages","volume":"62","author":"Fyfe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00300-2","article-title":"Screening of Chinese herbal drug extracts for inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production and identification of an active compound of Zanthoxylum bungeanum","volume":"77","author":"Tezuka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2002.01103.x","article-title":"Multiple Mycobacterium microti Derived Lipids Stimulate iNOS Gene Expression in the J774 Murine Macrophage Cell Line","volume":"56","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Kreisl, W.C. (2022). Hybrid PET\/MR Neuroimaging, Springer."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.06.009","article-title":"Microglia and neuroprotection: From in vitro studies to therapeutic applications","volume":"92","author":"Polazzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13062","article-title":"Microglia and neuroprotection","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00044","article-title":"Factors regulating microglia activation","volume":"7","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-010-8106-8","article-title":"Microglia Activation and Anti-inflammatory Regulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"41","author":"Lue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002969","article-title":"Microglia: Activation and Their Significance in the Central Nervous System","volume":"130","author":"Nakajima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.08.031","article-title":"How microglia kill neurons","volume":"1628","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.05.014","article-title":"Microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration","volume":"7","author":"Lull","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89777-1","article-title":"Mouse primary microglia respond differently to LPS and poly(I:C) in vitro","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00019","article-title":"Lipoxin A4 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV2 Microglial Activation and Differentiation via the Notch Signaling Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-014-0552-1","article-title":"Activation of BV2 microglia by lipopolysaccharide triggers an inflammatory reaction in PC12 cell apoptosis through a toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperon."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0644-1","article-title":"Transcriptome sequencing reveals that LPS-triggered transcriptional responses in established microglia BV2 cell lines are poorly representative of primary microglia","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53725","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407627200","article-title":"Transglutaminase 2 induces nuclear factor-\u03baB activation via a novel pathway in BV-2 microglia","volume":"279","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2009.2.83","article-title":"The suitability of BV2 cells as alternative model system for primary microglia cultures or for animal experiments examining brain inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Henn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Altex"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-19-31","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of spermidine in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1513853113","article-title":"TLR4-activated microglia require IFN-\u03b3 to induce severe neuronal dysfunction and death in situ","volume":"113","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00141-8","article-title":"Activated microglia (BV-2) facilitation of TNF-\u03b1-mediated motor neuron death in vitro","volume":"128","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.04.066","article-title":"The function of microglia, either neuroprotection or neurotoxicity, is determined by the equilibrium among factors released from activated microglia in vitro","volume":"1159","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0243-6","article-title":"Determining the role of IL-4 induced neuroinflammation in microglial activity and amyloid-\u03b2 using BV2 microglial cells and APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"12","author":"Latta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-72","article-title":"Resolvin D1 promotes the interleukin-4-induced alternative activation in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrysanthou, M., Estruch, I.M., Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Wichers, H.J., and Hoppenbrouwers, T. (2022). In Vitro Methodologies to Study the Role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020363"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a recombinant retrovirus carrying a mutated envAKR-mycMH2 fusion gene immortalizing cells of the monocytic-macrophage lineage","volume":"9","author":"Sassano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01820.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory antioxidants attenuate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mediated by advanced glycation endproducts in murine microglia","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15171","article-title":"A novel tri-culture model for neuroinflammation","volume":"156","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1389-5","article-title":"Microglial activation induces cell death, inhibits neurite outgrowth and causes neurite retraction of differentiated neuroblastoma cells","volume":"150","author":"Kuhla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01837.x","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts and pro-inflammatory cytokines in transgenic Tg2576 mice with amyloid plaque pathology","volume":"86","author":"Apelt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15024","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide activates microglia via neuraminidase 1 desialylation of Toll-like Receptor 4","volume":"155","author":"Allendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.11.012","article-title":"Induction of novel cytokines and chemokines by advanced glycation endproducts determined with a cytometric bead array","volume":"41","author":"Berbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00204.x","article-title":"Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors","volume":"202","author":"Pestka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604","article-title":"Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling","volume":"5","author":"Platanias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon responses","volume":"14","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23820","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.23820","article-title":"The regulation of inflammation by interferons and their STATs","volume":"2","author":"Rauch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jak-Stat"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000900024","article-title":"The role of interferon-gamma on immune and allergic responses","volume":"100","author":"Teixeira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(03)00131-0","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of pro-inflammatory interferon-\u03b3","volume":"3","author":"Pfeilschifter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00228-x","article-title":"Roles of IFN-\u03b3 in tumor progression and regression: A review","volume":"8","author":"Jorgovanovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.002","article-title":"Cross-regulation of Signaling Pathways by Interferon-\u03b3: Implications for Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2018-0007","article-title":"Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Kak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomol. Concepts"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zong, Y., Sun, L., Liu, B., Deng, Y.-S., Zhan, D., Chen, Y.-L., He, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, Z.-J., and Sun, J. (2012). Resveratrol Inhibits LPS-Induced MAPKs Activation via Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway in Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044107"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0381390","article-title":"Exploring the LPS\/TLR4 signal pathway with small molecules","volume":"38","author":"Peri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511400225","article-title":"LPS Sensitizes TRPV1 via Activation of TLR4 in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons","volume":"90","author":"Diogenes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(00)00149-2","article-title":"LPS induction of gene expression in human monocytes","volume":"13","author":"Guha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000223134.17877.ad","article-title":"The inhibition of LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by HSP70 involves inactivation of the NF-\u03baB pathway but not the MAPK pathways","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200201001-00003","article-title":"The Ikk\/nf-\u03bab pathway","volume":"30","author":"Senftleben","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00329.x","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in inflammatory reactions","volume":"51","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discovery of the nitric oxide signaling pathway and targets for drug development","volume":"14","author":"Nathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899509002589","article-title":"Nitric Oxide in Inflammation and Immune Response","volume":"27","author":"Moilanen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-007-0013-x","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(94)90105-8","article-title":"Multifunctional role of nitric oxide in inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Laskin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiart, C. (2007). Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants: Asia and the Pacific, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420006803"},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"63","article-title":"Biochemical aspects of nitric oxide synthase feedback regulation by nitric oxide","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2017.06.012","article-title":"Optimized incubation regime for nitric oxide measurements in murine macrophages using the Griess assay","volume":"449","author":"Wallert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/s30800276","article-title":"Measurement of Nitric Oxide Production in Biological Systems by Using Griess Reaction Assay","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02064-5","article-title":"Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives","volume":"11","author":"Baud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0633-0","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 signalling and inflammation: Interactions between old acquaintances","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"341","article-title":"Cytokines, inflammation, and brain injury: Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"6","author":"Feuerstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788803024","article-title":"TNF-alpha as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury and trauma","volume":"16","author":"Esposito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90156-2","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) \u03b1 quantification by ELISA and bioassay: Effects of TNF\u03b1-soluble TNF receptor (p55) complex dissociation during assay incubations","volume":"177","author":"Corti","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2004.03.012","article-title":"Comparison of alamar blue and MTT assays for high through-put screening","volume":"18","author":"Hamid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(99)00020-3","article-title":"A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue\u00ae","volume":"48","author":"Mikus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00028-3","article-title":"A novel one-step, highly sensitive fluorometric assay to evaluate cell-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"213","author":"Nociari","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_189","unstructured":"Tolosa, L., Donato, M.T., and G\u00f3mez-Lech\u00f3n, M.J. (2015). Protocols in In Vitro Hepatocyte Research, Springer."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90034-5","article-title":"A tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay to quantitate human monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against leukemic cells from cell lines and patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"174","author":"Beelen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larramendy, M., and Soloneski, S. (2018). Genotoxicity: A Predictable Risk to Our Actual World, BoD\u2013Books on Demand.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.69556"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20143437","article-title":"Trypan blue exclusion assay by flow cytometry","volume":"47","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A.3B.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.ima03bs21","article-title":"Trypan Blue Exclusion Test of Cell Viability","volume":"21","author":"Strober","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196411000-00001","article-title":"Evaluation of the trypan blue technique for determination of cell viability","volume":"2","author":"Tennant","year":"1964","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.02.003","article-title":"Comparison of results of the CellTiter Blue, the tetrazolium (3-[4,5-dimethylthioazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), and the lactate dehydrogenase assay applied in brain cells after exposure to advanced glycation endproducts","volume":"21","author":"Bigl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1971.tb01815.x","article-title":"Determination of platelet viability. The physiological and biochemical parameters","volume":"20","author":"Chao","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249595","article-title":"Neutral red (NR) assay for cell viability and xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1233","article-title":"A Versatile High Throughput Screening System for the Simultaneous Identification of Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Compounds","volume":"19","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0434-1","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: Roles of cyclooxygenase, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and elements of the neurovascular unit","volume":"12","author":"Banks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000097202","article-title":"Passage of Cytokines across the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"2","author":"Banks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0291-y","article-title":"Rodent models of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Nazem","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.10.021","article-title":"Valproate pretreatment protects dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity in rat primary midbrain cultures: Role of microglia","volume":"134","author":"Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S65695","article-title":"Acute lipopolysaccharide exposure facilitates epileptiform activity via enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00361","article-title":"Atypical \u201cseizure-like\u201d activity in cortical reverberating networks in vitro can be caused by LPS-induced inflammation: A multi-electrode array study from a hundred neurons","volume":"8","author":"Gullo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3776fje","article-title":"Exaggerated neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in aged mice after activation of the peripheral innate immune system","volume":"19","author":"Godbout","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301649","article-title":"Aging Exacerbates Depressive-like Behavior in Mice in Response to Activation of the Peripheral Innate Immune System","volume":"33","author":"Godbout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.08.014","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and disruption in working memory in aged mice after acute stimulation of the peripheral innate immune system","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-15","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia","volume":"5","author":"Henry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.002","article-title":"Peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge promotes microglial hyperactivity in aged mice that is associated with exaggerated induction of both pro-inflammatory IL-1\u03b2 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Henry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.09.005","article-title":"Brain inflammation induces post-synaptic changes during early synapse formation in adult-born hippocampal neurons","volume":"250","author":"Chugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.02.008","article-title":"Systemic injection of LPS induces region-specific neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in normal mouse brain","volume":"69","author":"Noh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01666.x","article-title":"Neuroinflammation-induced acceleration of amyloid deposition in the APPV717F transgenic mouse","volume":"14","author":"Qiao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20467","article-title":"Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration","volume":"55","author":"Qin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-37","article-title":"Neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment through enhancement of beta-amyloid generation","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01905-w","article-title":"The differential impact of acute microglia activation on the excitability of cholinergic neurons in the mouse medial septum","volume":"224","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/309129","article-title":"Chronic Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: New Perspectives on Animal Models and Promising Candidate Drugs","volume":"2014","author":"Millington","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7635197","article-title":"Gypenosides Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment in Rats","volume":"2018","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42286-8","article-title":"Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00427","article-title":"Involvement of astrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease from a neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress perspective","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00176-10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00176-10","article-title":"Induction of Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Immunity during Gestation Inhibits Cortical Neurogenesis and Causes Behavioral Disturbances","volume":"1","author":"Yaddanapudi","year":"2010","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-151","article-title":"Systemic immune challenges trigger and drive Alzheimer-like neuropathology in mice","volume":"9","author":"Krstic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia","volume":"541","author":"Liddelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2017.02.001","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The preventive and therapeutic potential of polyphenolic nutraceuticals","volume":"108","author":"Sawikr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0367-6","article-title":"Astrocytes usurp neurons as a disease focus","volume":"22","author":"Liddelow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3804","article-title":"Microglia Recognize Double-Stranded RNA via TLR3","volume":"176","author":"Town","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_227","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain Aging and AD-Like Pathology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"2014","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraska, A., Santin, M.D., Dorieux, O., Joseph-Mathurin, N., Bourrin, E., Petit, F., Jan, C., Chaigneau, M., Hantraye, P., and Lestage, P. (2012). In Vivo Cross-sectional Characterization of Cerebral Alterations Induced by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Streptozotocin. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046196"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2015.1030804","article-title":"A comparison of neurodegeneration linked with neuroinflammation in different brain areas of rats after intracerebroventricular colchicine injection","volume":"13","author":"Sil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31450","article-title":"Sustained hippocampal IL-1\u03b2 overexpression mediates chronic neuroinflammation and ameliorates Alzheimer plaque pathology","volume":"117","author":"Shaftel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9331-2","article-title":"Chronic IL-1\u03b2-Mediated Neuroinflammation Mitigates Amyloid Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease without Inducing Overt Neurodegeneration","volume":"7","author":"Matousek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90399-0","article-title":"Cortical cholinergic fibers in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A morphometric study","volume":"33","author":"Geula","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90808-0","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase fibers and the development of senile plaques","volume":"406","author":"Tago","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5177-11.2012","article-title":"Cdk5\/p25-induced cytosolic PLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine production regulates neuroinflammation and triggers neurodegeneration","volume":"32","author":"Sundaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/45159","article-title":"Conversion of p35 to p25 deregulates Cdk5 activity and promotes neurodegeneration","volume":"402","author":"Patrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2014.00036","article-title":"Generation of the Cdk5 activator p25 is a memory mechanism that is affected in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Giese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.10.033","article-title":"Opposing Roles of Transient and Prolonged Expression of p25 in Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory","volume":"48","author":"Fischer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.03.018","article-title":"The role of interleukin-6 signaling in nervous tissue","volume":"1863","author":"Rothaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA -Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10061","article-title":"Neurologic disease induced in transgenic mice by cerebral overexpression of interleukin 6","volume":"90","author":"Campbell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00486.2002","article-title":"Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Transgenic Mice with Chronic Astrocytic Production of Interleukin-6","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900242","article-title":"Site-Specific Production of IL-6 in the Central Nervous System Retargets and Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"183","author":"Quintana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00303","article-title":"Chronic Microglial Activation in the GFAP-IL6 Mouse Contributes to Age-Dependent Cerebellar Volume Loss and Impairment in Motor Function","volume":"13","author":"Gyengesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.10.004","article-title":"Transgenic models for cytokine-induced neurological disease","volume":"1802","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA -Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1500","article-title":"Progressive decline in avoidance learning paralleled by inflammatory neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 6 in the brain","volume":"94","author":"Heyser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2830-13.2014","article-title":"Trans-Signaling Is a Dominant Mechanism for the Pathogenic Actions of Interleukin-6 in the Brain","volume":"34","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700354","article-title":"Multi-targeted therapy by curcumin: How spicy is it?","volume":"52","author":"Goel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2010.509835","article-title":"Curcumin, the Golden Spice from Indian Saffron, Is a Chemosensitizer and Radiosensitizer for Tumors and Chemoprotector and Radioprotector for Normal Organs","volume":"62","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202076","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of liposomal curcumin (Lipocurc\u2122) in healthy humans","volume":"53","author":"Storka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-100019","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Phytosomal Curcumin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"67","author":"Panahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0293-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.06.030","article-title":"Curcumin and its nano-formulation: The kinetics of tissue distribution and blood\u2013brain barrier penetration","volume":"416","author":"Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.393751","article-title":"Curcumin Suppresses Soluble Tau Dimers and Corrects Molecular Chaperone, Synaptic, and Behavioral Deficits in Aged Human Tau Transgenic Mice","volume":"288","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58838-2","article-title":"Effects of a solid lipid curcumin particle formulation on chronic activation of microglia and astroglia in the GFAP-IL6 mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00170","article-title":"Evaluation of Phytosomal Curcumin as an Anti-inflammatory Agent for Chronic Glial Activation in the GFAP-IL6 Mouse Model","volume":"14","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/11086\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:06:08Z","timestamp":1760126768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/13\/11086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"references-count":254,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241311086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241311086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]}}}